Evaluation of Human Development Theories

Evaluation of Human Development Theories This essay is going to give a critical reflection of human development theories. It will compare and contrast human development theories, linking the theories to the events observed of a child aged three and a half years in a nursery setting, over six weeks. It will also evaluate the recording method used and what I have learnt relevant to the social work practice. For the purpose of maintaining confidentiality in accordance with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), (2012), Guidance on Conduct and Ethics for Students, the child has been named under the pseudonym of Eva. Eva is a three and a half year old girl of black African origin and lives with her parents. She is the youngest in a family of three and has a sister and a brother. Both her parents work full time and she attends nursery full time. The nursery offers a wide range of activities and encourages free play. Observation Log 1 Cognitive Development I conducted six observations on Eva, over a period of six week in a nursery setting and one of the theories I was able to link to the observations, is the cognitive development theory. This theory is associated with the work of Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and his work focused on understanding how children view the world. Piaget believed that from infancy, we have the basic mental structure on which all subsequent knowledge and learning are based and due to biological maturation and environmental experience, the mental processes will have a progressive reorganization. Piagets assumption was that children are active participates in the development of knowledge and they adapt to the environment through actively seeking to understand their environment. He suggested that cognitive development happens in four stages, 0 to 2 years being the sensori motor, 2 years to 7 years the preoperational, 7 to 12 years the concrete operations, and 12 years and above the formal operations. (Beckett and Tayl or 2010) According to Crawford and Walker (2008), Piaget assumed that in the preoperational stages, (the stage Eva is) children have not yet mastered the ability to apprehend, offer judgment, inference or think actions through. He believed that children in this stage are considered to be egocentric by showing difficulty in seeing things from a point of view other that their own. They also engage in monologues, in which they will be talking, but not interacting with each other. During my observation, this was really evident and I noticed it on several occasions on Eva and the other children during free play. (Appendix ..) They also focus their attention on one aspect of the situation and have difficulty seeing that a situation may have a number of dimensions. Piaget called this centration and this was also shown in Appendix à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. They also lack reversibility by failing to understand that working backwards can restore whatever existed before. Piaget also believed that children build their understanding of the world through activities for example dramatic play. This was evident when the nursery class was rehearsing for the Christmas concert. She showed an understanding that a baby needs feeding and also talking to. At the preoperational stage they also learn skills like drawing, language and sort objects in groups. This was demonstrated in Appendix .. and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. . This showed that she understand the concept of shapes, objects and drawing skills. However, Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), also did a study on cognitive growth and did not see children as individual explorers of knowledge, but as learners from social interactions. He emphasised the role of language and the importance of relationships and interactions between children and adults. He believed that the members of the culture, for example teacher, parents or siblings, construct the childs learning. While Piaget believed that children should not be presented with problems and materials beyond their developmental ability, Vygotsky believed that a knowledgeable adult can help them achieve the skills through what he termed as scaffolding. He referred this period of scaffolding as the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). For example during my observation Eva was playing with wooden blocks and was supposed to fit them through holes. (Appendix à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) The teacher helped her to fit in one of the blocks and later she managed to fit in the rest. Piaget and Vygotsky agreed that children build their knowledge through experiences. However, Piaget believed this happened through exploration with hands on activities. In contrast, Vygotsky believed that learning was not limited by stage or maturation. He believed that children move forward in their cognitive development with the right social interaction and guided learning. He argued that they learn through interactions, social and cultural experiences and interactions with adults. Vygotsky saw the adult as vital to the process of scaffolding the childs learning. Piagets concept have been criticised of denying other aspects of thinking such as intuition and creativity and also not examining and explaining individual differences in children. Vygotskys theory draws attention to the role of social and culture interaction and identifies the principle of scaffolding in the childrens learning. Nevertheless, Piaget and Vygotsky agreed that the children actively participant in their intellectual development. Observation Log 2 Play and Learning As I was doing my observations, I noticed that Eva was engaging in play when I was observing her for other developmental theories. According to Szarkowicz (), this is because play can be used in many different ways by children and it is an authentic way for them to demonstrate their competence in a range of developmental areas. Szarkowicz () states that, children engage in play either from a social perspective or from a cognitive perspective. When interpreting how Eva engaged in play, I can use Partens (1932) social stages of play. Partens theory looked at the social aspects of play, particularly the way play develops from being an individual solitary activity into a cooperative social experience. Parten (1932), categorised childrens play into six stages, unoccupied play, solitary play where a child plays alone and onlooker play (Appendix à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) where the child watches others play and this is to about 2 years. The other stages that can be seen from the age of 4 are parallel play (Appendix à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦), where the child plays with similar toys next to another child or children, associative play where the child plays near others and share the same toys and cooperative play where the children who play together with the same toys (Appendix..). Bee and Boyd () states that, the ability to join groups of other children, and the desire to do so begins, at an early age and progresses through a developmental sequence. Parten discovered that children of different ages actually played together differently. They engage in different levels or categories of social play. However the stages of play are not in sequence and children may often engage in different stages of social pla y depending on factors such as the childs familiarity with the situation, temperament, or playmates. This was evident in Evas play and what surprised me was that she actually played in all the stages.( Appendix à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) According to Piaget (1972) play promotes mental and social abilities and helps children learn how to express and manage their feelings. Piaget argued that for children to think things through they need to play and by doing so, play facilitates and transforms the childrens thought processes. He categorised play into sensory motor, symbolic and games with rules. He proposed that when in infancy up to about to 2 years, a child is in the sensory motor stage and uses motor skill and senses to explore objects and their environment. During the preoperational stage, children engage in imaginary games and fantasy role play which he called symbolic play. (Appendix à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) And finally in the concrete operations stage, children are capable to play games following rules of games. Piaget saw play as assimilation of new materials into existing cognitive structures and in his analysis he saw play as relaxed practice time rather than time for learning and grasping in new information. (Casper and Theilheimer 2009) I also looked at other theories and Smilansky (1968) proposed three stages of play based her work with Piagets but expanded to include functional play which takes place in the first two years. Smilansky (1968) identified four types of play thus, functional play, constructive play, dramatic play, and games with rules. However, his work emphasised the importance of considering the childs cognitive development when exploring the childs levels of play. (Casper and Theilheimer 2009) According to Sheridan (), children discover the world through play and they use their senses and movements. Play is a way of constructing knowledge, developing intellectual abilities and building social skills. Piaget believed that a child could use play to mirror obnoxious experiences or experiences where he or she had no power. He believed that children often imitate and role play an adult who has power for example a teacher who is ferocious because they can imagine themselves in the position of power and this facilitates them to deal with being powerless. This is also common with children witnessing or involved in violent households. Observation Log 2 Language Development The next theory I considered in my observation is the language developmental theory and I looked at the theories Chomsky, Piaget and Vygotsky. I believe language is an important part in human development because it a major medium of social interaction. According to Beckett and Taylor (), the vocabulary of children between the ages of 3 to 6 expands from 2 word sentence to more complex sentences. They believe that as the childrens vocabulary increase, they learn the rules of grammar and they become able to use different forms of words. Whilst I was observing Eva, I noticed that most of her conversation and responses were two or three word sentences and it made me more interested on language development. Chomsky (1957) believed that sentences are routinely created practically every time. He believed that we have internal rules that enable us to decide which sentences are grammatical correct and convey our intended meanings. Chomsky believed that children have innate abilities, a genetic program to learn language and once they begin to hear language around them, they automatically understand the structure of that language. He argued that this is because of the biological dispositions, brain development and cognitive readiness. His theory emphasises the need for language in the environment to stimulate childrens innate abilities. (Crain 2005) According to Piagets theory, children are born with basic action schemas and during the sensory-motor period (birth to 2 years) they use these action schemas to assimilate information about the world. Piagets theory suggested that during the preoperational stage childrens language rapidly progress due to the development of their mental schemas, which allow them to accommodate new words and build simple sentences. (Appendix à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.) Piagets theory describes childrens language as symbolic, allowing them to venture beyond what is termed as here and now. During this stage children engage in small talks about things as the past, the future, people, feelings and events. They begin to build sentences of three or more words and their grammar becomes complex. They start to use Where, What, Why, for example, What is that? (Appendix à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.) Piaget proposed that, during the sensory-motor period, childrens language is egocentric and they talk either for themselves or for amusement. During this period, their language often shows instances of what Piaget termed animism and egocentrism. Animism refers to childrens tendency to consider everything to be alive, including non-living objects. Since they see things entirely from their own perspective, their language suggests their egocentrism. Vygotskys theory of language development suggests that children begin by realising that words are symbols for objects and they develop curiosity to what objects are called. It is then followed by the egocentric or private speech stage from 4 to 7 years, where they often talk aloud to themselves as they perform tasks or solve problems. Finally the private speech wanes and speech becomes more internalised. Piaget and Chomsky both agreed that children are not moulded by the external environment but they create mental structures on their own accord. Chomsky proposed that children automatically create grammatical forms according to the genetic design and in contrast, Piaget proposed that cognitive structures emerge from the childs own effort. Chomsky also believed that language is a highly specialised mental faculty that progresses independently and children learn entirely on their own. However, Piaget viewed language as more closely related to general cognitive development. Piaget and Vygotsky agreed that children are active learners and they contribute to their own development. They both believed that children build ways of understanding and knowledge of the world through their activities. However, Piaget believes it happens primarily through physical manipulation of objects around them and Vygotsky that it is socially mediated. Language development deals with how a child develops his/her language skills during their growth period. Nativists (Chomsky) believe that language is innate and unique to humans. Cognitive theorists (Piaget) believe language is not innate but a product of cognitive development. Finally, social interactionists (Vygotsky) believe that language acquisition is a result of both biological and environmental factors. Evaluation of the observation process (how I managed the process and as an observer how may have affected the process) Evaluation of recording method Reflection (feelings, attitudes, beliefs and professional values, anti oppressive) Ruch (2009) states that, reflective practice enables the practitioners to acknowledge the actual or potential emotional impact of the observation and be able to transfer the awareness to practice. What I learnt McKinnon (2009), states that child observation is a process which enable the worker to be responsive rather than intrusive through watching and listening in an alert and informed way that raises awareness and sharpens understanding. It involves learning how to monitor feelings and reactions and how they can provide information. The observation process provided me with an opportunity to focus on the vulnerability, resilience and the relative powerless of children in a nursery setting. It also provides me with knowledge and skills on how to conduct an observation and according to McKinnon (2009), well developed observational skills can act as a safeguard. It also provided me with an opportunity to discover and have a deeper understanding of how children communicate, play, engage with adults and most importantly about their development. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE As a social worker student I need to have knowledge on human life course development in order to understand their use in practice as the practice requires me to take a holistic approach and understanding of an individuals circumstances. Social work practice involves interactions between people, which are influenced by each persons life course and their experience and perceptions about their own life. As a social worker student I need to have and understanding of how people develop and place peoples life situations in the context of the expectations of normal life course development. This will enable me to appreciate that a persons experience, their growth and life experiences have a direct impact on who they are and how they see their world. The social work profession is based on the supposition that people can be helped and supported to change and grow as a result of their experiences. Therefore, in order for me to be sensitive and appropriate in my communications with people and in the services I offer and provide, I need to appreciate and understand their life course and what makes them who they are. Understanding how people grow and develop is central to the role and task of a professional social worker. Crawfor d and Walker (2007) Evaluation As you examine different theories of development, you will find that some (such as Erikson and Piaget) are criticised for being too committed to identifying stages, ignoring the diversity which is found in psychosocial experience and behaviour -while others are criticised for failing to take account of the sequence in which changes occur, not being clear enough about which changes become possible at which stage, and which changes are ruled out until a certain level of maturity is reached. According to Moffatt (1996) argued that some models of human development are cultural biased and they did not include some aspect for example persons experience, race, class, gender and sexual orientation. All of these theories have their own way of interpreting language development, and to some extent, they all seem to be highly convincing. However, out of the four theories, the social interactionist view appeals to me the most; so my theory of language development is definitely the social interactionist view. Unlike Piaget, Vygotski considered language to be key to development. Although Piaget acknowledged language with development with terms such as egocentric speech, he did not believe it predominant, saying it was due to the childs inability to think from another perspective. Vygotski however, believed talking out loud gives the child a way to organize their thoughts and guide their actions.

Expository on Love Essay -- Expository Essays

Love! Not For Everyone Poets and philosophers for centuries have been trying to answer the question, what is love? Love has an infinite number of definitions, which vary from one person to another. Love cannot be measured by any physical means. One may never know what true love is until love it- self has been experienced. What is love? A four letter word that causes a person to behave in a way that is out of character. What is love? A first kiss, childhood crushes on a teacher or friend’s mom. What is love? A choice that people make by putting their partner’s wishes, desires and needs above everything else. What is love? The act of forgiveness, the infatuation with someone, the communication between two people. What is love? A friendship that turned into a lifelong commitment, that special someone who has vowed to spend the rest of their lives to honor and protect, to love each other â€Å"till death do you part.† When in love nothing else in the world matters. According to the online Encarta Dictionary love is the passionate feeling of romantic and sexual desire and longing for somebody. Poets and philosophers may never know what love really is, and we may never truly understand the question what is love. Love is like a rose that blossoms into great beauty. Love starts with a seed that has been carefully planted in the garden. Love is much like when meeting someone for the first time. Getting to know each other is just our roots planting firmly in the ground. With each day love is growing stronger and stronger. In the poem by Ezra Pound, â€Å"The River Merchant’s Wife: A Letter† the wife married at fourteen and by the time she was sixteen her love had grown so much that she longed for her beloved husband to come home. The speaker tel... ...ove is, we do know how to show love and share love with others. People have the ability to love, which makes the human race on the top of the food chain. All other species cannot or does not show love in the way that human beings do. What is love? Love is what people want it to be. â€Æ' Works Cited Hemingway, Ernst. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†. Ninth Edition. Alison Booth, J. Paul Hunter, Kelly J. Mays. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005. 132-135. Pound, Erza. â€Å"The River Merchant’s Wife: A Letter†. Ninth Edition. Alison Booth, J. Paul Hunter, Kelly J. Mays. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005. 815. Ramsey, Jarold. â€Å"The Tally Stick†. Ninth Edition. Alison Booth, J. Paul Hunter, Kelly J. Mays. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005. 812. Snodgrass, W. D. â€Å"Leaving the Motel†. Ninth Edition. Alison Booth, J. Paul Hunter, Kelly J. Mays. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005. 836-837.

Symbols in to Kill a Mockingbird/Bless Me Ultima

Mockingbirds: The mockingbird is a symbol that is used to show the idea of innocence. A mockingbird brings nothing but good with its’ beautiful songs, so if you kill a mockingbird it is a sin because it is so innocent. Boo Radley is often connected to the mockingbird because he is innocent in his situation and it is wrong for people to assume bad things about him when they do not really know him, and he is slowly destroyed by the people of Maycomb throughout the book.The Mad Dog: Tim Johnson was a dog infected with rabies that needed to be put down. The dog is a symbol of racism in the novel. Racism is getting out of control (just like the dog), and it needs to be put to a stop. Atticus shoots the dog to put him down but racism is a harder challenge to try and defeat. Atticus has to do things he doesn’t want to, like killing a dog and facing the court room. Bless Me Ultima: Rudolfo Anaya Ultima’s Owl: Ultima’s owl represents Ultima’s life in animal form. Related article: Arguments Made in Take the Tortillas Out of Your PoetryThe owl that sings to Antonio every night comforts him during his dreams. This is just like how whenever Ultima is around Antonio he feels at ease. When Tenorio kills the owl, Ultima soon dies after because her animal force was killed. The Virgin of Guadalupe: The statue in this novel represents forgiveness and understanding. Whenever Antonio feels troubled he turns to the statue. The statue accepts Antonios failures and always forgives.

The Disappearance By Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni - 1495 Words

In Provoked and â€Å"The Disappearance† by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, they describe how the Indian women leave their native country and immigrate to Western countries due to the arranged marriage that they have no rights to choose. Although the Indian women try to learn and integrate into Western culture, their husbands expect them to be a traditional Indian woman who should stay home and take care of the children, certainly isolated from mainstream society. If the Indian women try to rebel or challenge their husband’s authority, they are subject to their husband’s abuse in the fact of their machismo culture. This is because men try to retain their authority in the household as well as their status in the house. Men sometimes needed to take a step back and make a concession toward women by learning to respect women’s choice. This is because everyone has a different cultural background that shapes how one behaves and acts in the society based on his or he r social group. If men offer freedom to their women, they will be able to retain their authority in the household. In the Indian culture, the men are seen as strong, stable, tough, aggressive, confident and competent who is the one makes every decision and works outside. The women are regarded as warm, polite, gentle, soft, and is to follow without question the husband’s decision. These stereotypical gender roles and expectation in a patriarchal culture could result in both men and women losing their individual personalityShow MoreRelatedThe Disappearance Short Story Summary772 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Disappearance† by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is a short story in 1995 where traditional lifestyles were common and when women were mainly just housewives. Women were starting to want more freedom besides staying at home with their kids, cooking meals, and wearing what they were told is acceptable. Men also were considered always to be the superior by telling others in the family what to do so that everything happens their way. Through increasingly bad behavior of the husband, Chitra BanerjeeRead MoreThe Disappearance Analysis1847 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿The short story â€Å"The Disappearance† by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni basically is about an Indian man who lived in America. At first, he married an educated Indian girl. However, she, unlike her husband, did not have a traditional mindset. She eventually left him, and this was something which he could not accept. He started to recall the times when she was with him. He was in a state of denial that his wife could possibly leave him when he thought he had been good to him, and that he had done enoughRead MoreSelf Empowerment Is Important For Your Own Life2380 Words   |  10 Pagesself-empowerment through his courage to walk away from his family for good. He is now able to understand that walking away from his family is for the greater good. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, author of â€Å"The Disappearance† illustrates self-empowerment through the wife. This particular story is told through the husband’s point of view concerning the disappearance of his wife. The husband is portrayed as a very traditional Indian male. He is in an arranged marriage, which means his wife doesn’t have much control

Appendix B - 1735 Words

Causes and risk factors, including environmental risks * According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, â€Å"A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer† (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"There are a few known risk factors for childhood leukemia† (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, â€Å"Genetic risk factors are those that are part of our DNA (the substance that makes up our genes)† (American Cancer Society, 2013). The genetic risk factor is what we get from our parents that is most of the time inherited (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"Most cases of leukemia are not linked to any known genetic causes† (American Cancer Society, 2013).†¦show more content†¦* * * How the cancer affects the body According to the American Cancer Society (2013) stated, â€Å"Childhood cancers are often the result of gene changes inside cells that take place very early in life, sometimes even before birth† (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"Unlike many cancers in adults, childhood cancers are not strongly linked to lifestyle or environmental risk factors† (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) stated, â€Å"Leukemia is a cancer that starts in early blood-forming cells† (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"Most often, leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells, but some leukemias start in other blood cell types† (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"Any of the cells from the bone marrow can turn into a leukemia cell† (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) stated, â€Å"Once this change takes place, the leukemia cells don’t go through the normal process of maturing† (American Cancer Society, 2013). There are changes that leukemia cells can quickly reproduce themselves and not die when they are suppose too (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"They survive and build up in the bone marrow, crowding out normal cells† (American Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"In most cases, the leukemia cells spill into the bloodstream fairly quickly† (A merican Cancer Society, 2013). â€Å"Almost all childhood leukemia is acute leukemias† (American Cancer Society, 2013).Show MoreRelatedEthics appendix b990 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿APPENDIX A APPENDIX B In this case, there are several stakeholders including Borries, the manager, Borries colleagues, Borries girlfriend (Swee Lan), Swee Lans family and the client. In the following part, it will be mainly focus on two main stakeholders - Borries and manager who are facing ethical dilemmas. What are the ethical dilemmas and what choices are available to them. 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`` Dad, Can I Please Get A Nose Job - 1512 Words

â€Å"Dad, can I please get a nose job?† I was only 15 when I asked that question. Six months later, after my freshman year of high school, I was being hooked up to an I.V. at 7:00 am, ready to go under the knife. The huge bump on my nose always bothered me when I looked at pictures of my profiled face. It seemed like every woman I was surrounded by, both celebrities who have gotten plastic surgery, and even my friends who never had plastic surgery, had a cute, smooth, feminine nose. I wanted to look like them—I wanted my nose to fit in with all the other girls’ noses. No one would even second-guess a teenager getting a nose job in Los Angeles because it has become apart of the culture. Growing up in L.A. I have been surrounded by the†¦show more content†¦Then maybe the mirror stops tormenting you†(Tandy). In her 2005 essay â€Å"The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgery,† Camille Paglia condemns the â€Å"routine† plastic surgery middle-aged women receive in order to fit society’s youthful mold. Even though she acknowledges the artfulness that can go into the cosmetic surgery, Paglia despises the â€Å"generic cookie cutter sameness.† With the advancement in the medical technology and the accessibility of treatments like Botox, the amount of women who receive surgery has drastically increased over the past ten years. Due to the withstanding social expectations for a youthful, feminine appearance, I agree with Paglia s argument that women are constantly pressured to go under the knife in order for their aesthetics to meet cultural standards. By opening her essay with a bold, positive claim contrary to the rest of her views on Plastic surgery, Paglia successfully addresses the merits of cosmetic surgeons. She addresses how â€Å"plastic surgery is a living sculpture†¦people have become their own works of art †(Paglia 692, 1). Usually, when one thinks of a sculpture, he or she would imagine something like the Venus de Milo, something that is admired by anyone who sets his or her eyes upon it. It is apropos for one to applause the time and effort it takes for an artist to create a sculpture before criticizing his or her work. Plastic Surgeons are the artists of humans—it takes years of

Future Job free essay sample

My Future Job Since I become a teenager, I have thinking a lot about my own future job and setting goal for it. It’s very necessary and important for me now to decide what I want to become. In the past, I use to want to be an engineer because I’m good at drawing and build stuff but my thought changed through time; I end up all of my choices as a manager who manages the whole system in the service hotel. I have planned that I will finish my life in high school, finish IGCSE and IB with a high score. After that, I will move to a good school in USA to learn about business and the economy in my country. During my life in university I properly will apply to work for some small store and hotel to have the feeling of how things work in the â€Å"real life†. We will write a custom essay sample on Future Job or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Firstly, the reason I like to be a hotel manager is I find it interest to use technique to persuade more people to stay at the hotel. Secondly, I saw that the tertiary in business is the fastest growing in sectors of industry beside the primary and the secondary, so I can make a lot of money. Thirdly, it’s the range of community; it has a very high range to meet different people with different nationality. Fourthly, I want to have more confidence and become a good leader with skill, for example: I still can’t control and persuade people to listen to me some time when I’m in charge of P. E’s lesson. The second reason why I strongly choose to be a hotel manager it’s because of my pressure from my family; they are 2 generation of success 3 stars hotels’ manager. They like me to become one of them in the future very much that they suggest a lot of great idea of what I’m going to do when I become a manager. Luckily, I like their ideas too and also know the structure of the hotel. Last but not least, in more details, manage a hotel means I have to apply more services for my dear quest; know and motivate people who work for me so they always in a good mood to work for my hotel. More hotels are equal to more competition, therefore I have to apply many advertising technique by using: Internet, poster, discount†¦ etc, to keep my market shares and people will stay and become â€Å"close consumer† in my hotel. I also need to have an â€Å"Idea of perfect- service†; to understand the wants of costumer and why they don’t like our products and service to fix and become better. A manager is not an easy job in the future for me. Also my family knows that it isn’t a â€Å"flat road† for me to walk in but I want to be a successful in my future job, be an active person to development my country and useful to my family. I will try my best to get more knowledge and gain more different skills to meet my goal.