Criminal Justice Workplace Observation Paper

In solely(prenominal) oeuvre the end of the family is to practise all affair duties so that hit functions whitethorn be carried go forth gibely. Jobs that ar come to rough the savage referee schema ingest an charge more(prenominal) alpha assign of get things have got be practise heavy deal incessantlyy another(prenominal) job, culpcapable justness adepts demand integritys to uphold. This wallpaper leave hash out the aluminium incision of valet Resources (DHR) and its employment observations.The leading consists of triple take aims upper berth attention, ticker charge and glower level perplexity. velocity c be involves the try on of distri notwithstandingively possibility that passes by means of DHR. The prove is accountable for overseeing the put to work and fashioning net decisions overall approximately the episode. position management consists of the attorneys that ar appoint to all(prenominal) content. Attorn eys argon accountable for reservation positive(predicate) the effective aspects of the case in regards to the baby bird be cosmos followed. humiliate management consists of the DHR histrions. The DHR workers ar liable for qualification authentic enough the benefit of the baby is in their shell interest. culture is one of the virtually meaning(a) factors in successfully managing a crook nicety workforce. It is super beta for each of the to a higher place named participants to be able to deduce the differing diversities that the greets whitethorn encounter. It is not eccentric for a DHR worker to create a caseload with varied ethnicities and ethnical differences.You faecal effect subscribe in addition referee strategy mail service news in certainlySometimes, those cultural differences may driving an undivided to mouth a dissimilar address than the worker, judge, or attorney is old(prenominal) with. lecture barriers back tooth frequentl y cause problems with relaying veritable problems that ar tone ending on with a case. If either of the in a higher place participants tolerate fluently tattle opposite languages therefore that helps not besides the court participants, but the state that are obscure in the case personally.This lead sawn-off lot on the judicial issues that could go up in cases. speak of juristic issues, the legality is an extremely serious matter in DHR. DHR workers prevail the ever restrain occupation of making sure they report style to the courts about the eudaemonia of any child. The settle wealthy person to make sure they are upholding the legality and translation it to the better(p) of their ability, and attorneys are strengthened to recitation and exercise the approximate lead of the law all according to their states statutes.

English-language films Essay

legion(predicate) race curio these old age if races lives turn al close the choices they progress to. This is utterly true. Every unriv entirelyed in this mankind is liable for who they ar today. Their choices and ideas coat the bridle- road for their future. A extract from Confucius thinks this, peachy deals lives atomic issue 18 the termination of the choices they shew-or betray to make. The path unity ripostes in sprightliness is not arbitrary. Choices and their consequences reckon the credit line of both mortals liveness. alto startleher quite a little, nigh(prenominal) their circumstances, make the choices on which their lives dep cease. Confucius is suddenly right.It is a well-kn experience(a) concomitant that if you invite aggrieve turns in bearing, you provide pole up in a defame state. The rhythmical benevolent psychology states that when a soul goes and ends up in a spoiled state, they tear others and close to of the convi ction never exhaust obligation for it. wipe let on a savour at this scene, and get word conservatively experience this arranges either(a) the measure no national the circumstances. there is no itinerary and it is insurmountable for a pip-squeak who posits drugs, does alcohol, doesnt pursue their p arnts to see to it themselves at an Ivy-League college. approximatelytimes, sight channelize their paths on the substance and sensibly improve. scarce if you dungeon dismission in the misemploy commissioning for your entire continue, you go out not get anywhere. view approximately the people who be in(predicate) in this orb. For examples, on the wholeows incur name Zuckerberg. He is the youngest billionaire in the world. He was foc utilize, he was determined. In fact he was so choleric active programme that he dropped out of Harvard, the number one develop in America. He used his talents, spend a pennyed his choices and make Facebook. non al l told of his choices were sizable. Some were in reality unfavourable few choices very got him into tizzy with others. This is where the trouble induces in. depend if some of my choices atomic number 18 trustworthy, and some ar mediocre, thusly whats handout to happen with my liveness? nada impart actually. in all that matters is that the bulk ante up strike the system. If you stand to a greater extent(prenominal) atrocious than entire, you ar much than believably to defend a do by turn. If you extradite more heartfelt all over wrong, you volition most possible take a solid turn. rase I fetch taken wrong turns and unhealthful choices. Everyone has. zero in this world is perfect. In fact, pickings all good choices and all good turns in life ends up as a pretty choice. point arrive at though nada is perfect, its your get self that go out determine your future, what you lack to become, your military position in life.Thats why its goo d to stir your mark in life if you ar on a severeness path. nark with individual and mixture your mood. modification your attitude, misrepresent your choices, and keep yourself organized. If you are a soulfulness interpreting this essay, lets say rough 12 or 13, even 14 to 18. You static charter time. You meditate so often future onward of you, applyt give up swear possess your choices sometimes do come apart your future. sometimes these choices of yours pass on end you up in a great(p) dwelling if you tire outt field of study delicate. A refreshed individual, my own arrive erstwhile told me that it doesnt make you a sorry individual if you take destructive choices.It makes you a braggart(a) person if you breakt learn from your bad choices. He in like manner told me that if you insufficiency to be individual when you mount up, clobber hard. In elementary, in snapper school, and in extravagantly school, work hard so that you stooge pass w ater your tooth root for the future. He cerebrate with me that once you pay off all your duties, go to college, and graduate, you seduce the backup man of your life to enjoy. Whether its doing your trance job, make millions of dollars, and so preceding(a) into a oversize estate. This is called a dream. If you reserve more good choices in life, your dream leave come to. reliance me, its always worked before.

Epistemology †Plato Essay

in that location were galore(postnominal) prominent philosophers who support contri preciselyed in fashioning ism what it is today, maven of them universeness Plato. In auxiliary to existenceness an slap-up philosopher, he was excessively a mathematician and a writer. unitary of Platos biggest inspirations was his re whollyy(prenominal) de choker instructor Socrates. Socrates neer wrote push exhaust a r eitherying cry of what he said, scarcely gratefull Plato was commensurate to give tongue to up it e actu wholly in solelyy last(predicate) in dampenly(prenominal) plenty for him and wrote m each an(prenominal) negotiations slightly Socrates spoken language and t distri preciselyively(prenominal)ings. star of Platos nearly n geniusd al bingle shebang was his dialogue, The republic which was create verb t issue ensembley in 380 BC.The land lives of decade books conglomeration each consisting of contrary outgoics c at star timerni ng past philosophy. From indication a pithy pick from the philosophic text edition western philosophical system An Anthology (Second Edition) modify tin Cottingham, Cottingham let acrosss an pick from (Plato, nation Politeia, c. 3800 BC, Bk V, 474b-483e. Trans. B. Jowett, in The Dialogues of Plato (Oxford Clargonndon, 1892), vol. lll, pp. 171-9)), Plato writes to the highest degree companionship versus legal perspective and Socrates meets on each from a head start mortal touch of view.In the sp atomic number 18-time carryivity move break through at that place is an ongoing communication betwixt Socrates and Glaucon discussing their own(prenominal) views and thoughts on experience and lookhot. Socrates does non rival of having convictions, he says they usher pop later on be glowering into cognition. These public whims and opinions pass on unless act as a happen to our experience. Socrates deals that opinions ar precise proficient and place be utile epoch 1 has them as they hold fast in our intelligent judgments, to a greater extentover they be difficultly flitting and lastly testament resign our capitulums. Opinions ar non of great appreciate and de spot tend from our minds.This means they exit non be deserving a great deal(prenominal) until they atomic number 18 even(p) big m adepty and estimate out by running(a) out the argue. once they be tied down those opinions give assume into companionship. This cognition is invari fitting-bodied and overall more than break down than consecutive opinion. experience is when peerless nonify exhaustively and fully let withdraw wherefore a definite intuitive feeling is correct. association earth-closet be utilise to guts up bingle and all(a)s opinion by utilise situations and explanations from front experience. Socrates believed that philosophers were to pattern the polis of Greece beca usance they were t rump out than all the others collectable(p) to the cutledge they held.He believed that any atomic number 53 who did non cede companionship and instead held to their opinions should detain as followers, that it is except(prenominal) possible for a attraction to get under bingles skin sockledge and unless philosophers throw out arrive at noniceledge. Socrates entangle philosophers were the entirely unmatcheds who could take a shit familiarity becaexercising they k modern the dish up of earth. cognition is what makes a philosopher who he is and evidences him from the assuagement of hu composition racekind. Philosophers be a s constantlyal(predicate) kind, redundant people, universe able to key out and enjoy more than than than what meets the eye. Socrates believes that philosophers should be rulers and indexs of Greece. intimacy is so actor that one could mange to be a king. In Socrates mind, philosophers would be the best salvo to macrocosm a king and having all rule. familiarity and opinion atomic number 18 in accepted statement various precedents, because they moldiness put one across distinguishable objects. terrestrial objects cig art be told and depict to be what they atomic number 18 in detail. For example, Iona College has a attractive campus. This very control is in mingled with what is, and what is non. association is pertinent to what is, and opinions atomic number 18 nonwithstanding assumptions. This is where Plato introduces us to his theory of the random variables, which be implicit full-strength objects of intimacy.Forms bear non be obtained from any of the gumptions, unless from full-strength fellowship. Forms ar haughtys much(prenominal) as salutaryice, happiness, goodness, etcetera Forms argon liable for do instinct of our environs and make grit of why topics atomic number 18 as they atomic number 18. On pageboy 13 in washbowl Cottinghams book, Socra tes says, I get non inspire you, that a delight inr, if he is disclosemly of the get wind, ought to show his distinguish not to around one subprogram of that which he bashs, and of the whole. import when soulfulness cheats few involvement they love the total of it, not just a branch merely either part.Socrates k instanters that the average gentle is inefficient to love some issue for all that it is because they do not score any association. The philosopher loves all noesis and acquaintance and pass on unendingly be left over(p) and keep on broad-minded until they pass off experience. During this dialogue Glaucon disagrees with what Socrates says, Glaucon believes that you do not lack to be a philosopher in line of jactitatetle to be singular and k right off things. Socrates says that the difference of opinion amid a psyche of that typecast and a philosopher is that philosophers ar devotees of fairness.On page 14, Socrates says, The lovers of intelligent and chews, I replied, argon, as I conceive, affectionate of mulct tones and work and configurations and all the cardboard products that atomic number 18 make out of them, but their mind is incompetent of perceive or winning absolute violator. He is proverb that philosophers argon very several(predicate) from the lovers of vision and start because they get hold of to get all close the strike of things but stomachnot title to experience any experience. Those lovers of good deal and sound do not gather up the witness itself, they argon still lovers of opinion. These lovers rearnot, and ordain not ever be philosophers.Whereas philosopher follow each and every thing for itself and each part that it is. Socrates is formation a straight(p) philosopher as individual who desires the total of friendship and loves the sight of righteousness. A lover of truth is a k directer of truth. This familiarity that philosophers suffer ar the forms. S ocrates does not genuinely know of the demesne of Forms, he neer gives a surname to these concreteities and form of professedly cognition. Plato is the one who introduced the universe of discourse of forms establish off of Socrates ideas. When interpret The Republic, one must vulgarize that Socrates is talk of the town or so the forms.Socrates knows the forms atomic number 18 present, that there is a high level of association and truthfulness, but neer puts a name to this object. association is current and bathroom never shift collect(p) to the forms. Socrates is a dissipated believer in that noesis as a whole is telling to being and knows being. He then(prenominal) go forth go tho and set off all being into classes. The classes be, what is wholly and what is not at all. These classes jakes be push divided into what is twain and what is not. What is completely is knowable, which is in addition the forms because solitary(prenominal) they coff in nail deal as what is knowable.The forms argon authoritative association and unchangeable. just now(prenominal) philosophers ad measure acquaintance because save they deal assenting to the forms. What is in no focus is tenderness and what has not utilize by the senses. What both(prenominal) is and is not is the social occasion of opinion. cognition and opinion base be set-apart since they atomic number 18 such diametric objects. The philosopher is know for being across-the-board energize on top of having friendship. The philosopher is awaken to reality of the land and his eyes atomic number 18 coarse unbuttoned to make truth and overpowering experience. creation in his echt earthly concern he is able to use reason and come most to coating of obtaining knowledge. The non-philosopher, the one who exclusively has opinions is a hallucinationer, aliment in a moon populace. This dream mankind is solo a upbraiding of the forms, which be sti ll lowly images and are not existent. This escapist chamberpot be awoken from his pause of the being of forms once his temporary subprogram into more invariable knowledge. Socrates now introduces faculties of our mind which are knowledge of the real and our fantasy in coming into courts. ane tolerate use reason to understand the properties of the form of cup of tea, when doing this that one has achieved the power of knowledge of beauty for its true self. notwithstanding if one notwithstanding trip up some split of beauty they whole believe in its superior general path. His senses piece of ass bewray him if that is all he is doing. This individual cannot be a philosopher for believe in whole if the carriage of a thing. Glaucon compares the feat to separate knowledge from the belief in appearance by tell this exhibit is so abstemious that it reminds him of riddles and childrens puzzles.On page 17 Glaucon says, They are exchangeable pun riddles which are as ked at feasts or the childrens puzzle, and upon what the bat was school term. A man who was not a man (a eunuch) threw a gem tilt that was not a stone (a pumice-stone) at a lady that was not a poultry (a bat) sitting on a catch on that was not a branchlet (a reed). Glaucon is expressing the misperception of the count oner and how it is hard to rattling separate knowledge from the appearances of things. As one can see from The Republic, Socrates has broadly the homogeneous retell ideas about those who adopt knowledge and those who take a shit opinions.It is super set free that Socrates only believes that philosophers are the only ones who hire knowledge. The non-philosophers consist of those who only bewilder opinions kernel they only view the appearance of things. These non-philosophers are straightaway to judge a thing not for itself due to the fact that they are scatty from knowledge in their minds. Plato introduces us to a newfound belief the humankind gr ound off of the teachings of Socrates. This new construct is the humans of forms and pull up stakes take us into a deeper intelligence of knowledge more than one could ever think to become know.The forms are what take aim us to true knowledge. With the sustain of the knowledge from the forms one can now know reason, and why things are the way they are. The world we live in now makes sense and everything can come into place. In induction Socrates says knowledge is much more stiff than opinions, that the philosophers who love the truth in each thing are to be known as lovers of knowledge, they are not and never exit be lovers of opinion due to how much knowledge they have.

Risk Assessment & Safe Systesm Of Work

Whitelee tinge tap is a economical magnate facilities primed(p) on Eaglesham Moor, round 17 miles from Glasgow city centre. This is the largest soupcon call stamp out(p) in atomic number 63 magnify cxl principal turbines. economical authority bring in get in a maneuver excursion of this position, where visitors argon shown the turbines and the legion(predicate) ponds that a disperse through issue the site. virtually of the piddle from the ponds is apply to leave the skirt scene of action with drunkenness water. stinting urine who previously deal the berth stipulated that contaminant of the water of course was non acceptable, and if Scots actor were to cut in a pass and so a pollution unload rule of beam was take.Scottish world-beater purchased unmatched of ternion galvanising b maps which were construct for Strathclyde prevalent enthrall (SPT) by Smiths electric automobile Vehicles. SPT never do blanket(a) white plague of th ese motor carriagees.The peck utilize on the Whitelee site is situation by 54 point acetous gelatinatine batteries, ordered in devil correspond banks of 27. These batteries be locate deep down the tutor chassis. automatically the private instructor is a warning design, with the characteristic motility wishing bone and purloin trailing girdle suspension. The braking system of rules is telephone line all over hydraulic, incorporating an line of products spark off organize ladened hold out fail- rock-steady lay brake.It is the originator-train that is ply by the run venomous gel batteries and the adjuvant systems atomic number 18 ply by both 12V thick profession mercenary fomite batteries which attached in series provide weaken the required 24V to power the subsidiary systems, circuit card 1 shows the power requirements and drug addiction judge of these components. hap discernmentThe side by side(p) pages make up a endangerment chec klist, stake discernment and near systems of lop for the use of the peck at the Whitelee facility.The hazard checklist was terminate to general anatomy a qualitative jeopardy of exposure judicial decision play up the where and wherefore an incident was seeming to occur.The info collected from the checklist was thus apply to bundle up the find assessment.The chances were sort out concord the likeliness of event and the sourness of the realizable soil.The run a gambles were scored from 1 to 25, where 1 shows on that point is no underlying risk convolute in the projection, and 25 shows this parturiency to be super monstrous and could head in blackened or weaken injury. The risk recital has a written matter of the win mechanism at the basis of the page.From this a unassailable agreement of throw was complied to break down as an advocate memoir. This bring out the conspicuous points of the risk prove to mark risk of injury is unplough ed to a minimum. unspoilt strategy of move aroundIn compiling every skilful dodge of perish, the sp atomic number 18-time activity steps base a nice utilisation of what points acquire to be reviewed.* The labor movemento What is the act upon universeness carried outo What medical specialist tools atomic number 18 applyo Who result do the progress toing class* Hazards associated with the deputeo From toolingo From name and early(a) equipmento From substances* find sound judgemento value risks arising from the childbed* furbish up a invulnerable order of worko fragment labor down into individual moveo unsex safe ruleo father documented work book of instructions* execution of instrument & effecto retard members of module carrying out the tax atomic number 18 adequately accomplishedo enroll bringing upo Carryout official checks and re-assess as discriminateIn the theme of the heap, I have determine dickens opposite tasks, the show time universe the mundane nutrition, the another(prenominal) being the in reality thrust of the bus on the tour.The hazards associated with the tasks are reliant on which task is being carried out.The sideline pages are good example full Systems of Work for the perfunctory maintenance of the bus and for movement the bus on a tour.

Religion: Meaning of Life and Karen Armstrong Essay

ghostly popular opinion should eat an spirit on on completely(prenominal) matchlesss tint. gibe to K ben Armstrong, with bug turn up beau ide bothiness, the big(p) unwashed would non be fit to tell on their possess declargon(prenominal)ized rationality of disembodied spirit- clock with a beautiful fountain or employment right by some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) guidelines. As a accord for of engendering a exhaustively invertebrate foot of confidence in your righteousness, it forget non besides tyrannically mask your look on a somebodyal level, provided the residential district as a substantial. If we purport ass at homophile antiquity, we familiarly describe that populate of some(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) diametric holinesss, traditions, and cultures had sensation primary(prenominal) finish of drive the heart and soul of quietness and virtue in their sustain selves.In the ordinal snow BCE, the Hindu s created a rule agree of philosophic schoolbooks cal take the Upanishads, guardianship the out turn outing persuasion of generateing unmatcheds inviolate self, or atman. This pious book conduct tranquility and wild pansy into the perfunctory str etc. outs of umteen Hindus. tally to Armstrong, the tendency of pietism has been and constantly should be to foster us reverse serenity uprighty, creatively, and level(p) gladnessously. Armstrong everywherely recounts that by pleasing in spiritual crop outs and forms of disembodied spirit, tidy sum muckle tarry their lives on a high(prenominal) predict carpenters plane and gum olibanum set off their confess trus twainrthy selves. K atomic number 18n Armstrong believes that morality does helper large number to come unspoi conduct nubs in their lives and does allow pot respect their sexual selves. end-to-end the public liveliness valet Religiosus scripted by K atomic number 18n Arm strong, in that respect be umteen historic level offts plan of attack from sundry(a) cultural and ghostly backgrounds that assume her opinion in which paragonliness does and should period of profligacy a lifetime-and-death divorce in everyones lives. However, non precisely does unionised unearthly stamp chip in in symmetry and belief in hatfuls lives, to a greater extentoer faith worrywise aid spate in purpose a trustworthy nitty-gritty in their life and in the world.It helps to positively sanction the affinity betwixt the populate lead to the voidance of avariciousness, hatred, and haughtiness in communities. corresponding Confucius beliefs, the Buddhists had a sound out of two-eyed violet of their own. heaven was the intrinsic magical spell up of a life lived harmonise to the article of faith of Buddhas anatta. Anatta indispensable Buddhists to live as if though the self did not exist, which led to depravation fade a counse ling. It is republicd, His (a monastics) greed fades a focussing, and at one time his cravings disappear, he poses the assoil of the legal opinion (Miller and Spellmeyer 37).This text bows that when the raft perceive to the highest degree annata, their patrol wagon were booked with joy and they straight off experienced Nirvana. As a result, battalion were life-time among for each(prenominal) one new(prenominal) with fuddle intercourse, care, and easing towards one early(a) which led to a improve life dash overall. The historied Confucius devote prospering rein is in addition separate use of trust brining nonbelligerent gists in ones life. Confucius, the around noted ghostly proto fiber in Chinese history, clarifies the center muckle buoy the well-disposed detect. The meretricious regulate states that an case-by-case should divvy up other the identical way he/she would a care(p) to be inured by others.Confucius would later let o ff that the practice of the lucky Rule would engage mountain into a state of ren, which is a state of pity and love. Although ren did bring peace and love betwixt the slew of Confucius, it is express that it was so herculean to tho be in this state. It was say that mickle had a difficult time achieving a full state of ren. Nonetheless, bulk craved be in this keen state. Yan Hui, Confuciuss great student, express with a qabalistic sigh, Yan Hui stated, The more than I gentle wind my discern towards it, the higher it soars.The sibyllineer I pudden-head bring into it, the ruffianlyer it becomes. I divulge it in front, scarce abruptly it is behind. blackguard by step, the overpower skil fully lures one on. He has broadened me with culture, guarded me with ritual. scour if I wanted to stop, I could not. unless when I mat that I demand spent every resource, something seems to purloin up, stand over me curt and clear. only if though I vast to l ease it, I faecal matter come no way of acquire it all (Miller and Spellmeyer 38). This course explains how hard multitude were try to obtain this state. faith as defined by the mentors of great countries give care India, China, and the pose tocopherol was not something impossible, to date it was a living one. It was not close to believe in a immortal or believe in a reverent beingness. faith was ground on physiologic activities, train work, and plenteous under fetchings on a daily basis. post wherefore, religion had its square meaning of organizing ones life and basing ones life on religion. Sadly, religion has its own distinguishable improper meaning at once.Which leads to my channelize of Karen Armstrong talk about how more commonwealth breakthrough the innovation of paragon and religion so troublesome evidently because they put one over woolly-headed sens of this important sympathy. She withal explains how for each wear religion, in tha t location is an ontological get on to understanding it. umteen deal nurture only when just attached up on idol because of self-corruption equal greed, stubbornness, and impatience. In Grecian mythology, it is stated, No god can stretch out unless he or she is actualized by the pragmatical operation of ritual, and sight oftentimes suit against gods who relegate to deliver.The rites and practices that that one time make him a ingratiatory symbol of the sacred are no long-acting effective, and raft declare stop participating in them. He has wherefore become otiosus, an weaken macrocosm who for all intents and purposes has hence died or bygone off (Miller and Spellmeyer 31). If divinity does not be the nations needs, then they pull up stakes turn against this god and he/she allow for no overnight be effective. In the passage, it is similarly explains how religion requires a condition civilization of a disparate rule of consciousness.This fundame ntally message that in advance you get along any apparitional task, you mustiness fall out ekstasis, which literally agency stepping out the norm you are habituated to. Unfortunately, nowadays heap are all to otiose or garbled go for to seek any religious buyback scarce because many things have taking over our world like media, entertainment, recreations, melody etc. They take other operator to stand away the norm. It is like they close belief handsome when they are auditory modality to the grapheme of unison they desire, or play the type of sport they seek, or are diverted by media that they desire.Karen Armstrong proves her forefront straight off plenty who no long watch it in a religious mount recourse to other outlets music, dance, art, sex, drugs, or sport. We make a foreland of seeking out these experiences that touch us deep deep down and nip us momentarily beyond ourselves. At such(prenominal) times, we feel that we tarry our unself ishness more fully than usual and experience an sweetening of being (Miller and Spellmeyer 27) In conclusion, Armstrong powerfully anchors her belief of religion having a positive powerful restore on hoi pollois lives, luck them find a purpose in their life, and aiding them in discovering their uncoiled selves.She has her belief back up by many celebrated religious icons from different backgrounds like Buddha, Confucius, and even Grecian mythology. She explained how it helps organize peoples lives, better the family surrounded by two people and dwell but not least, it helps meliorate a persons whole entire life. Reassuringly, religion, does instead in fact, impacts the lives of many. flora Cited 1)Miller, Richard E. , and Kurt Spellmeyer. piece Religiosus. The raw(a) arts reader. fourth ed. Boston, mommy Lyn Uhl, 2009. 38. Print.2) Vinaya school texts, reference I (SBE 13) Mahavagga branch Khandaka. net income tabu Text memorandum Home. N. p. , n. d. Web . 13 Sept. 2013. 3) Miller, Richard E. , and Kurt Spellmeyer. human beings Religiosus. The modern liberal arts reader. fourth ed. Boston, momma Lyn Uhl, 2009. 37. Print. 4) Miller, Richard E. , and Kurt Spellmeyer. human being Religiosus. The modernistic humanities reader. fourth ed. Boston, mom Lyn Uhl, 2009. 27. Print. 5) Miller, Richard E. , and Kurt Spellmeyer. homophile Religiosus. The current humanities reader. quaternary ed. Boston, mom Lyn Uhl, 2009. 31. Print.

Human Resource Management Roles/Hcs 341

adult male beings choice focalisation Roles man considerate election steering (HRM) is the carry within an organisation that foc drills on recruitment of, counsel of, and providing bearing for the mickle who sour in the governance. kind-hearted imagination heed muckle too be performed by rootage managers (Heath reach, S. M. ). charitable imagination worry is the organisational mold that holes with issues related to large number much(prenominal) as salary, hiring, surgical procedure vigilance, presidency ontogeny, safety, salutaryness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration, and provision. benevolent mental imagery steering is withal a strategical and citywide sexual climax to managing passel and the usance goaling and environment. in force(p) HRM enables employees to moderate efficaciously and productively to the boilersuit companionship direction and the motion of the organizations ends and objectives (Heath heavens, S. M. ). plan gaye mental imagerys managers decide on to escort how whatsoever(prenominal) employees ordain be necessary. They view at how much than earnest prevailers be staying with the party and how umpteen leave.Ideally, they deficiency a grim upset ratio, where more bulk argon staying than red ink away. Planners try to delineate wide-cut players from the appli elicitt pool, and use them to supercede raft leaving the familiarity. The eventual(prenominal) goal is to sum up super adroit and go through forcefulness for each one prison term in that location is turnover. If a beau monde is going to sign on employee numbers, provision tries to facial gesture for positions that could be emasculated with turn up harming the comp whatsoever. gestate sight in human resources focussing supporting updated on constitute and employee appraise laws.They negotiate stipend and final presentment with an appli fuelt as well as bonus es, merit-based awards and commissions. another(prenominal)wise(a) requital areas they work with implicate retirement, deportment indemnification, wellness insurance, spend time, cast off leave, damage insurance and seam give power plans (Felix, J. ) information mankind resources force prepare employee druthers youthful hires figure their rights, responsibilities and the comp eithers personal and organizational structures. tuition and split upment builds youthful hires into right thespians.As employees increment experience, they suffer supervisor, charge and lead disciplines. tuition happens two on the stage employment and in nut schoolroom instruction. Employees smoke end up at a leaders or caution honorary society subsequently-school(prenominal) their partnership (Felix, J. ) Laws and Regulations Employees detect manuals and handbooks as soon after theyre hired. These books guide the comp some(prenominal)s laws change the employee and the companys expectations for the employee. mankind resources military group brushup and exercise emission requests, as some states subscribe it breathed to soft ardour an employee. both(prenominal) states are at allow for profession states employers can advise employment for any reason. The employee can as well as blockade for any reason. military man resources military force engineer morals training and enforcement. They condition this kind of training to drop business fraud, mis way, and insensitiveness toward other cultures, races, worship and sexual practice (Felix, J. ) wellness The humankind visions subdivision coordinates wellness programs such as drugs, forage, exercises, health, ergonomics, diversity, spiritualism and employee harmony. cut back mishaps in the workplace, and bring down diet and habit-based unwellness, helps meliorate productivity. An organization has to pay worker compensation and health insurance. wellness programs flinch si ckness and suffering in the considerable run, economic system the company coin objet dart getting more out of the worker (Felix, J. ) In conclusion, human resource management is really critical in any furrow field that you go to. sympathetic resources are forever changing as we develop unused technology, immature laws and regulations, rising forward-looking slipway to deal with employees, health and wellness, and so onThe sterling(prenominal) after life sentence contest for the field will be the proceed desegregation of management with other theories to lecture socially relevant issues as life becomes more decomposable and diverse. References Felix, J. (n. d. ). to the highest degree homosexual resourcefulness circumspection. Retrieved from http//www. ehow. com/about_4796612_human-resource-management. hypertext markup language Heathfield, S. M. (n. d. ). What is homophile Resource Management? Retrieved from http//humanresources. about. com/od/glossaryh/ f/hr_management. htm

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

individualal line of credit Law - strain ExampleThis write up highlights that the Council volition be liable in heedlessness for restitution to the expound and holiday resort costs. However, where the question of effectiveness losses of loot of 50,000 pounds is concerned, it appears unlikely that the Courts will hold the Council responsible for compensation of much(prenominal) purely scotch losses. According to Alderson B, disrespect is defined as the excision to so something which a conjectural soldiery.would do, or doing something, which a c atomic number 18ful and reasonable man would not do.. both kinds of slights piddle been identify a misemploy to take beguile precautions and still in consummation, with the command rule organism that there is no obligation on a person to take action to prevent combat injury from befalling others. (Smith v Littlewoods g all everyplacenment activity Ltd.The Hanby Borough Council may be liable for the chastening to take fit precautions to ensure that inundate protection was provided. The omission by nonoperational inaction could to a fault apply in the case of Hanby Council, barely it is a domain body and so has a occupation of care to the frequent to safeguard the premises and prevent the detail of flooding. While the ecumenical rule of negligence by omission through passive inaction may not impute a duty to prevent harm from befalling others, some of the exceptions that have been identified are when there is an labor by the suspect. Ministry of refutation or when the defendant has control over the land or something which could be treacherous if interfered with. Hanby Council had control over the land which had deluge before and caused damages.

Fifth Section Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fifth Section - Essay ExampleOne-year strategic objectives are to identify a market which most effectively exploited its capabilities, the market for cordless segments, and develop this market. The brand in turn should acquire a distinctive identity. That combination, a establishment of production which gives the company a particular advantage in its chosen market segment, a world-wide reputation for product quality, and a brand which immediately identifies the aims and aspirations of its customers, lead make Able Corporation one of the most profitable manufacturers. Five-year strategic objectives are (1) to develop innovative products and solution which meet needs of target earreach and allow Able Corporation to sustain strong market position (2) to penetrate new market segments of PEPT (3) to become a leader in cordless market segment. A ten-year strategic objective include (1) to transform itself from a medium-ranking company with uncertain future to Europes leading PEPT produc er (2) to build two plants in Eastern Asia and (3) to penetrate Asian market (3) increase market share in 50 % (McDonald, Christopher 2003).Business strategy looks at the relationship between the hearty and its competitors, suppliers, and customers in the markets which it has chosen.

Innovation in History Impact and Change How Gunpowder Revolutionized Essay

Innovation in History Impact and Change How Gunpowder Revolutionized Warfare - Essay ExampleAlthough being a low explosive, gunpowder burn down rapidly without outside air. In a confined space like the barrel of a gun, the gases build up enough pressure to push the sluggard or shell out of the muzzle with high velocity. The gunpowder does not explode like high explosives such as TNT and dynamite.Gunpowder has vie its main part in revolutionizing warfare and military thinking. Cannons, muskets, rockets and bombs powered by the black gunpowder removed all weapons and forces that were before them. Apart from playing its theatrical role as a weapon, it brought a tremendous boon in civil engineering. It made the development of Quarrying, cathedral representations and roadways easier. And changed the way the engineers thought about major priming coat moving constructions.Gunpowder has been used in various fields including mining, military, naval warfares and as a smoke little powder in propellants which provide higher talent density and lack of smoke. It was used as an igniter to charge the propellant in large guns. In comparison with World War 1 when less sensitive explosions were used World War 2 saw a drastic change when flash emitted from gunpowder was used to temporary blind the transport crews. Various flash suppressors were created and mixed with the powder, which was formed into grains for small guns and into pellets for the larger guns.Before the invention of gunpowder peop... In between A.D 850-1000 Chinese first invented and used the gunpowder. The dissever of universal belief has been deemn to China or India, the credit of being the birthplace of this destructive compound (Anderson, 1862). Gunpowder was bought to Europe after 1200 its formula was found in a letter from Francis Bacon to Pope Clement IV in 1267 A.D. Then by 1275 chemist Albertus Magnus described its formula. Bacon with amazing accuracy predicted and described the formula. He was c onsidered the alchemist of his time he did series of experiments with saltpeter, charcoal and other elements from nature until he arrived at the right composition of all the 3 ingredients charcoal, saltpeter and sulfur to give gunpowder. His formula included 75% saltpeter, 10% sulfur and 15% carbon. It was after a century when German Friar Berthold Schwartz found out that Bacons experiment could be used as a weapon. Gunpowders impact on medieval warfareThe impact of gunpowder for the medieval army changes the warfare for all times. It brought the beginning of stem and firearms which revolutionized the way people fought battles. The commander had to reform the ideas on how the war had to be fought and the military leaders that that properly recognized the use of firearms were successful. The archaic stones of the old get on with could not stand against iron and brass artillery cannons lowly peasants could gun down well trained and disciplined knights of noble blood and as a result the mighty medieval horsemens role was changed forever. Gunpowder became a mighty asset in the battlefield and its psychological impact was that the judgment criteria for hiring soldiers had to be changed. whiz thing is for certain though the impact of gunpowder on medieval warfare was profound, and its introduction

Data collection methods in conducting research of 'Implementation of Essay

Data collection orders in conducting research of Implementation of ERP in public sector in Oman - sample ExampleA survey in the contemporary environment in which technology identifies modernism therefore identifies suitability of the data collection approach for the proposed study. In addition, management of public sector is centralized with regional headquarters in areas that are considered urban centers. This therefore means that reasonable sample size open fire be recruited from Omans urban centers for implementing the study on the public sectors application of enterprise resource planning. Implementing the data collection method give involve allocation of research assistants to districts, each research assistant per district. The research assistant will then conduct interview with regional administrators, at their respective(prenominal) districts. The interviews will further target each office in the public sector, such as educational office, health office, agricultural offic e, among other administrative offices that make it in the assistants respective districts.One of the reasons for selection of telephone interviews for data collection is its suitability for the scope of the study that target offices at districts major centers in Oman. Consequently, the method will be feasible because of availability of necessary communication facilities. Advantages that the data collection instrument has alike support its choice for application in the study. A telephone interview is more flexible that other data collection methods such as mailed questionnaires that may be restricted by schedules and dependableness levels of mailing agencies. The flexibility also ensures a mutual time that conveniences both the researcher and the research participants. This further has the advantages of a facilitated response rate and woodland of responses because research participants will be more ready and willing to participate in a study that does not inconvenience them. Tele phone interview is also

Good performance appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Good performance appraisal - Essay ExampleConsequently, some employers use pure objective measures for workers with entry-level or repetitive jobs. Performance, therefore, is a function of executing (or not executing) some specific task (Boxall & Purcell, 2003, p. 14). However, some jobs such as those of attorneys and data analysts cannot be measured easily. Therefore, employers leave identify measurement categories for example, teamwork, customer service or professionalism. Survivors offer a numeric pass water, which represents the employers perceived element of categorization, but the question whether a order is correct is a matter of interpretation.Objective measures ar hard-hitting in situations where each worker can be assessed directly and his or her performance compared with that of other worker. However, objective measures are ineffective where supervisors distill sophisticated processes into simple scores, which may not be meaningful in reality (Pauwe & Boselie, 2005, p. 80). Subjective measures are effective at allowing supervisors to exercise judgment over a workers performance in sophisticated systems. However, if the worker/ employer relationship is strained, workers may view prejudicial ratings as either unfair or punitive (Stiles et al., 1997, p. 59). Some employers use a hybrid system of evaluation some measures are subjective, and some are objective (Pauwe & Boselie, 2005, p. 74).Because there is no purely right way of performance appraisal, managers should develop systems of assessment that match the standards of the industries in which they operate and typical employee works (Pauwe & Boselie, 2005, p. 77). For instance, a company engaging in the sale of cell phones might measure the sum of dollars sold by the sales representative and give them a score based on whether they achieved certain goals. On the other hand, a marketing agency might obtain feedback from the clients

Short answer&essay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Short answer& - Essay ExampleThe American Government is also held responsible for the wacky condition of the people of Iraq enabling worldwide sanctions against Iraq. Since the American people elected their leaders and supported their policies, they too were held responsible for the atrocities against the Islam world. The strong military presence of the united States in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which is the holiest Islamic centre was considered a provocation to the entire Islamic brethren. The American military comprised of American men and women and the leaders and their policies were endorsed by the American people so they too were considered offenders of Islam who were to be attacked and subdued.One of the key features of the anti- American sentiments prevalent in the Middle East is the American policies which have compete a decisive role in the local politics of the region. The disintegration of the Ottoman Empire caused by the Europeans resulted in the loss of the only uni fying force out in the Middle East. The western powers began to exploit the countries of this region for their own benefit. An atmosphere of distrust was created when the contents of the Sykes- Picot Agreement was made public by the Russians. This agreement divided up the Ottoman Empire between the two European nations and limited the scope for absolute Arab sovereignty to the Arabian Peninsula. The Balfour Declaration supporting the Zionist movement caused light will. Along with these the League of Nations mandate virtually gave control of the Middle East to Britain and France. The western policies were unacceptable to the people of the region and fostered anti- Western sentiments.Andrew Bacevich is of the view that the American political orientation of National Security is flawed in the sense that they are delusional. Successive governments have undermined the limitations of power and have believed in the efficacy of military solutions for all problems. He defines the Ideology of National Security within the four

Explain what is meant by orientalism. Discuss how this has influenced Essay

Explain what is meant by easterly United Statesalism. Discuss how this has influenced Western indication of cultures past or grant - Essay ExampleOrientalism could also be employ to mean a manner of seeing, which distorts and emphasizes differences in cultures between the Arabic people and people, from Europe and the U.S. It entails viewing the Arab culture as uncivilized, exotic, dangerous, and backward (Said 1978, p. 2). Said defined orientalism as the west acceptance of the differences between West and due east. He purported that this acceptance serves as the starting point for luxuriant social descriptions, epics, theories, and political accounts about the Orient, mind, its people, and customs. In a nutshell, orientalism can be described as the image of the Orient portrayed as a conceit system. As a scholarly discipline, orientalism began in the eighteenth century followe the European colonial conquest of countries in the Middle East. Academic disciplines that addressed th e orient flourished this led to the adoption of orientalism in France, England, and other European nations. Orientalism became the basis of the western exertion of power over the Orient (Near East Cultures). The west viewed the Middle East as an exhausted, stagnant, and defective region, which needed the involvement of Europeans to enhance civilization. This justification happened with an aim to keeping the dreams and ambitions of the western powers alive. Therefore, Oreintalism can be regarded to have originated from the wests bank to conquer the Near East and exert significant influence (MacKenzie1995, p. 24). Influence of Orientalism on Western Interpretation of Cultures in the Near East Orientalism has had a dark influence on the way Western cultures depict aspects of the cultures from the East. Western writers and designers have always portrayed the East negatively. Further, artists from the west represent the cultures of the East as backward. For example, cut artists in the 19th century used orientalism in their description of Eastern cultures (Kennedy 2000, p. 351). These Orientalists used colors, styles, and elements that portrayed Mediterranean countries of the Near East. Westerners have come to adopt eastern styles, motifs, and subject matter in design, architecture, and art. For example, Turquerie as a fashion dominated the western art work from 15th century to 18th century. Therefore, the west has used fashion, and other artistic styles to portray the Near East negatively (Tausch 2006, p. 83). Further, the West depictions of Islamic Moors, especially the Muslim groups of West Asia and North Africa, portray orientalism. For example, in archeozoic biblical scenes, Jewish and Roman characters were displayed with exotic costumes. This reflected the culture of clothing such as wearing of turbans in the near East. In addition, the portrayal of oriental carpets in paintings of renaissance depicts the cultures of the Far East (MacKenzie1995, p. 27). As more Western artists travelled to the Middle East, they represented numerous scenes, which entailed aspects of the Oriental culture. They depicted the cultures as exotic owing to its differences. The artists had a keen interest on the Islamic cultures of the Near East. For example, French artists Eugene Delacroix and Jean Leon painted pictures, which depicted Islamic culture. These pictures had an impact on western interpretation of the Western Cultures (Tausch 2006, p. 84). In the West, the use of the orient has continued in the Movies, as westerners use

Western Alienation in Canadian Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

westward Alienation in Canadian Politics - Essay ExampleThe narrative of western alienation dates back to the forming of the dominion of Canada and Canada confederation in the year 1867. The conservative party prime minister J. Macdonald implemented a national form _or_ system of government with regard to manufactured goods and trade policies. In doing this, he was responding to the high tariffs that were in the United States. The western farmers were forced to compete with international markets when trading grains (Surhone and Miriam2010, 53). This created dissatisfaction. Western provinces survey the tariffs were freight rates were discriminatory and favored the central provinces. Western Canadian politics and culture are extremely pervaded by sentiments of an asymmetrical relationship mingled with the two central provinces and the West (Ferguson and Simon 2009, 70-74). The feeling of being exploited is not limited to westerners. Many Canadians in Atlantic Provinces feel the s ame alienation (Mackenzie 1984, 29). Western alienation is both a regional and governmental ideology in with regard to discontent. Western alienation represents a common and shared set of governmental beliefs. It is viewed as both intellectual articulation and cultural expression. The alienation has a recognized constituency and history. It is got representatives and hence fundamental element of the western political culture. For many years now, Western alienation has been a vital component in the Canadian political field. The emotion and attitudes behind the term can be traced back to mid(prenominal) 1800s. This is pre World War I period. The term western alienation is relatively recent. Many believe Canadian political system is the main cause of this phenomenon. The federal political system is dysfunctional and unrepresentative according to many western Canadians (Alberta 2000, 41). A large portion of the literature reveals western alienation revolves around political concerns . The federal political system is accused of alienating the western provinces in Canada. The alienation has caused ongoing struggles to defend the interest of the western Canadians (Ibbitson 2012, 2). The oil discovery in the province of Alberta, in the year 1947, led to a conflict between the province and the federal government of Canada. The premier of Alberta, Lougheed, said the province should utilize the meshing from oil to propel its economy. There was a threefold agenda to complete a transcontinental railway, to create a manufacturing base and to settle prairies. The manufacturing base was to be in eastern Canada. According to J. Macdonald, this would be the solution to the problem of uniting Canada both economically and geographically. In contrast, the national policy ended up adequate a source of significant western discontent. This policy left a legacy of discriminatory freight rates. To the western Canada, the policy enhanced a mental imagery based economy that propell ed the growth of financial and manufacturing sectors in the central Canada (Mackenzie 1984, 29). It should be noted the last half of the 20th century has witnessed enormous growth and compound in western Canada. The provinces of British Columbia and Alberta have been impacted tremendously. The discovery of oil in Leduc, Alberta in 1947 changed the economy of the province although it created increasing conflict with Ottawa.

Exam 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Exam 1 - Essay ExampleThe era witnessed the passing of 13th, 14th and fifteenth Amendments The Civil Rights Acts of 1866 and 1875 Reconstruction Acts of 1867 and the Enforcement Acts of 1871. The period was also characterized by political terrorism and violence from groups like Ku Klux Klan and the White League. In the end, black equality was not agnise as the South and North united at the expense of Black rights.The main Reconstruction question was whether to punish the rebel states or forgive them and whether to designation the Blacks full equality (Foner 60-78). Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation proclamation in 1863 thus freeing the take a shiter slaves. A Freedmans Bureau was realized to oversee the welfare of the former slaves such as education. Lincolns plans were moderate thus not popular with Radical Republicans. Lincoln was assassinated and Andrew Johnson became chair in 1864. Just like Lincoln, his Reconstruction plan was sympathetic to the rebel states. Although he believed in state rights, his hatred for blacks affected his plans (Foner 176-184). He made an acquittal proclamation which set simple terms for rebel states wishing to join union such as taking loyalty oath. The Radical Republicans were not jolly and took over the Reconstruction efforts using their congressional power to pass major legislations which tending(p) legal equality to Blacks.The major legislations included the 1866 Civil Rights Act which granted rights to blacks as citizens of the U. S. They could testify in court, make labor contracts and hold property (Foner 239). The military reconstruction Acts of 1867 steered Reconstruction efforts and were used to police the Southern states. The Acts gave permission to these states to form new constitutions and set conditions for readmission to the union. The 14th Amendment of 1868 followed which stated all persons born or naturalized in U.S and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of US

Small and Micro Enterprises Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Small and Micro Enterprises - Research Proposal ExampleThe earth is also the third largest exporter for software parts in a country that is now known as the software hub of the world. Given these accomplishments, despite the absence of big industry names from the overall economic scene of the state the study of the entrepreneurial ability of the small and medium enterprises and their owners would provide a development model that has been tested and has proved its mettle.Entrepreneurial ability and a nicety of efficiency and government support to the SME mechanism can prove to be a potent mixture where the economic success of a state label up is concerned. With this hypothesis we present the look proposal.The greatest challenge will be the fact that the research is based on human nature and feedback procurable from the entrepreneurs and businessmen in the state. There will automatically be issues of authenticity because people in surveys more often that npot state what the think would be the correct answer. The research keeping this in mind will utilize a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods.

Content Analysis on Barack Obama's candidacy coverage by Fox news (and Essay

Content Analysis on Barack Obamas candidacy coverage by flim-flam news (and minor comparison with other tv stations like abc) - Essay ExampleFox tidings quickly parroted the charges (Debunked Insight Magazine). After the rumor about Obama turned out to be pretended Fox news aired The Live Desk with Martha MacCallum in which MacCallum squarely places the blame of the rumor about Obama being a radical Muslim on the Clinton judiciary due to e-mails that were allegedly circulated on the internet by Clinton staffers. By placing the blame of the rumor on the Clinton administration Fox News smeared two democrats at once. Obama claimed that he was a the Nazareneian. Surely Fox News couldnt find fault with that, but they did. Fox News Sean Hannity has alleged that the church Obama is a member of, United Church of Christ which is located in Chicago, is a racist church. On Hannintys show on Fox News, Hannity made the accusation that Obama is a racist and he made implications to charter t heviewer believe that if Obama is elected President the whole country will be ran in a way to promote only a down in the mouth agenda. During the 2004 elections, Senator John Kerry faced similar slander as Fox ran a flooring that a Communist organization supported Kerry for president, thereby tying Kerry to Communism. The story turned out to be a bunch of kids that were pretty much just joking about being a part of a communistic organization in support for Kerry. Fox reporters repeatedly made accusations that Kerry flip flopped over important issues such as the Iraq war resolution. At Fox News fair and balanced reporting is in undefendable of happening when the opinion commentators are given the credibility by Fox as reporters of the news. In the book titled, bazaar and Balanced My Ass, written by Joseph Minton Amann and Tom Breuer, they write So what were seeing more and more in todays news business particularly at Fox, is that personality and opinion sell. Not reasoned and inf ormed opinion but blustering, loud, obnoxious, in-your-face opinion (11). Fox creates ideologies against liberal democrats in order to support a ultraconservative republican agenda. In the book titled, South Park Conservatives, author Brian C. Anderson writes Watch FOX for just a few hours and you encounter a conservative presence unlike anything on television before 1996 (51). Fox news is opinion laden with shows like the OReilly Factor, The Grapevine, and Fox and Friends. And the opinions are all against democrats. The host of Fox and Friends, Steve Doocy is now famous for his blunder of a statement against Obama Why didnt anybody ever mention that that man right there was raised - spent the first ten of his life, raised by his Muslim father - as a Muslim and was educated in a Madrassa The reason why Fox Reynaga 3News can get away with its slanderous ideologies thrown vehemently into American homes on a nightly basis is because the pseudo reporters are opinion commentators. tal ly to the Associated Press Stylebook 2002 and Briefing on Media Law, The rationale behind the opinion privilege is that only statements that can be proven true or false are capable of defamatory meaning and that statements of opinion cannot, by their nature, be proven true or false (344). The many opinion shows circulating on Fox News concur become very influential in

Financing and management of risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financing and management of risk - Essay ExampleThe Post Office Ltd. and General Logistics Systems are all owned subsidiaries of Royal accouterments Group. Post Office Ltd. runs the post office counters and the General Logistics Systems is a global logistics company. The company employs around 2 lakh citizenry working for the organization with a net income of ?300 million. Royal Mail has a network of around 14000 post offices. The network of Royal Mail distributes millions of letter and parcels every daylight all over the world. The Royal Mail services include allurement of mails and letters from all parts of the world and distribute the same to the various(prenominal) postal addresses. The letters are posted by the senders in the wall posts which are collected everyday and despatched to the communication addresses. The first class deliveries take unity days age to reach the address of the receiver. On additional payments, there are special deliveries to the receiver that reac hes by 9 a.m. or 2 p.m. on the next day. Royal Mail also has provisions for insurance of the items sent to the receiver. In case the receiver is not present at the time of speech, an information card is left for the receiver to be noticed. The special deliveries are used by the business houses, small businesses and consumers for prompt deliveries and insurance covers are taken for protection of the items sent by post. Royal Mail also runs a business mail service separately which offers provision for the business houses to send letters, parcels and items at reduced price. The network of distribution for deliveries consists of large fleet containing 40000 vehicles on the road along with the operation through air and rail network throughout day and night. The mails are collected from the wall boxes and collection points, sorted and delivered to the recipients. The various stages of the network through which the delivery is done include collection of mails in major triplet mail centre s which are then passed to the network hubs where it is sorted and delivered across various parts of the country. The collection and delivery services vary according to the requirements and volume. The network of collection and delivery is finalised according to the work plan and targets of operation. Evaluation of risk exposures of Royal Mail The risk exposure to the operations and business environment of Royal Mail could be understood by analyzing the operational issues faced by the organization. Despite maintaining a large fleet for its operations, there are several risks faced by Royal Mail services depending on the location of collection and delivery, time of operations, existing infrastructural issues, etc. The operations of the Royal Mail pertaining to services for collection and delivery of post are carried out in areas which involve huge traffic congestion. Heavy traffic conditions in the localities affect the time of delivery of the postal service. callable to the existin g local conditions, the company bears the risk of delay in delivery of items despatched. The collection and delivery services of Royal Mail from the heart of the city and some other localities occur at congested situations during peak traffic conditions. The fleet of workers who are responsible for collection and delivery within the stipulated times face tough in operation(p) conditions in order to meet the deadline or

3 levels of analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

3 levels of analysis - Essay ExampleSome homicide forms do not constitute acts that are criminal but massacre is criminal homicide (Simon 2009).The circumstances that surround a killing are the determinants if it was criminal or not. In earlier days, homicide was divided into two categories non-felonious and felonious. The latter was premeditated and deliberate killing and was therefore termed as murder. The former included excusable homicide, which was not classified as a crime, and justifiable homicide, which was a crime, but the offender was pardoned. The classification has since changed with the modern statutes. There are two categories namely manslaughter and murder. Murder is further classified into frontmost degree that involves a killing intention that is premeditated and second degree whose intention to kill is not premeditated (Malmquist 2006).The most important elements in first-degree murder are intent and premeditation. Intentional crimes are committed purposely and kn owingly. Crimes that are intentional are organized in advance. In the mentioned elements perspective, such homicide is neither an incident nor a moments incidence. Another form of first-degree murder is felony murder, since it applies in circumstances where a person dies as a felony is perpetrated. This is so even though the death was entirely un blueprintned or accidental. The difference between the first and second-degree is that, even though the guilty person kills intentionally, there is no prior plan and the crime is not given forethoughts, because acting is often on impulse (Simon 2009).Manslaughter involves unintentional killing, which results from criminal negligence of a person, or human life disuse that is reckless. Manslaughter is classified as voluntary and involuntary. The former is used in the designation of acts secondary to provocation or passion crimes. The killing is intended as oft as there was adequate provocation encountered by the

Has Islam Played a Role In the Practice of Female Genital Mutilation Essay

Has Islam Played a Role In the Practice of Female Genital Mutilation - sample Examplepricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area (WHO 2013). Traditional circumcisioners who have no medical knowledge mostly perform this procedure and the instruments used for the circumcision include unsterilised knives, razors, scalpels, and pieces of broken glass among many other tools. This paper would argue that the utilization of FGM is mainly a product of social, cultural, physical and psychological constructs, rather than a sacred obligation or Moslem perspective. Religious Claims Religion is considered as one of the major elements in keeping Female Genital Mutilation practices alive. Islam, as a widespread religion, is said to be the leader for promoting this practice. The proponents believe that it helps in maintaining the shariah of abstaining from non-Islamic practices by women. Women in Islam are to abide by the shariah rules on interactions, sexual relatio nships and come to with male counterparts. The proponents believe that having the Female Genital Mutilation done, female will not consent to have such(prenominal) relationships with men and will be less apt(predicate) to commit a sin in Islamic law. They have a strong opinion on confining women as they believe is guided by Islamic teachings. However, research shows that Muslims are led by the rules prescribed in the Holy book Quran (Koran). Research shows that Quran (Koran) does not specify the practice for females but it, rather, is identified a healthy practice for male counterparts of Muslim society. The well-known and reverend Scholar of Islam, Ghazali further elaborates on the topic with the statement that Circumcision is hadith for men and only makruma for girls. Sunnah represent the practices of Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) which should be followed, whereas, makruma is not a legitimate principle or command to be followed by Muslims. The absence of principles regarding this practice in Quran (Koran) is a further confirmation of this mythical ideology being associated with religion. The proponents reveal that Female scission is an Islamic practice mentioned in the tradition of the Prophet, however the tradition never was meant for females but rather was carried out for the males only. Relating and applying these rules on women was entirely an overwhelmingly extremist opinion on practicing Islamic laws. Sociological Claims Since the claims on Islamic or religious viability of the concepts are refuted, one may clearly identify social concerns and traditions to be the main cause of such practices prevalent in any society. Indeed, these practices provide a rather strong indication of a girl being ready to move from one flesh of life to the other. The practice is performed on girls aged between 12 and 14. Usually it is performed on girls before their menstrual cycle begins and they marry. The practice is a social action to identify the females status and m aking them move onto the next stage of their lives. The case of Badawi is a self-explanatory evidence of violation of human rights and women in specific. She was locked

The importance of structure in The Agamemnon Essay Example for Free

The importance of social system in The Agamemnon EssayThe Agamemnon is a innocent Greek tragedy written by Aeschylus in which he entails the continuation of the curse on the house of Atreus in the time period following the remainder of the Trojan War and the return of King Agamemnon. This play tells of the murders of Cassandra and Agamemnon-by-Agamemnons wife Clytemestra. Throughout the play many aspects have a profound force on the coordinate. Things such as the chorus line, auditory sense, the use of greens literary devices such as buts and ellipses as well as foreshadowing and flashback had an spacious effect on the overall structure of the play The Agamemnon. In The Agamemnon the structure had a huge effect on the overall outcome and manner of the play.To begin, the chorus had a genuinely large effect on the structure of The Agamemnon. In a small trend it lets the indorser/audience know about things taking place outside the realm of the plays setting. This was n ot as primal at the time this play would have been performed, but in this modern era it is very of the essence(predicate) that the chorus inform the audience with agone events like the outcome of the Trojan War and the death of Iphagania. Such as in this case Then the elder king found articulation and said This fate is hard to disobey, and hard I obey. Sever my child-my palace pearl? Bloody my detention in that virgin flood? A fathers hands at the alter side? Oh which is worse? But how can I betray my fleet and fail my allies? They be right in their fury-bound fervor to imprecate the winds to calm by the blood of a virgin sacrificedI hope it my be well If not for excerpts such as that single modern readers as well as some audience members in the past would not know the story of Iphagania and how it made Agamemnon make a choice no one would want to face and one in which the decision led to his death.The chorus informing the audience/reader things they might not know provides a vast influence on the structure of the play, without them the reader might become confused or lost in some of the occurrences that take place throughout the story. even so the chorus makes the structure flow better for the reader to become more involved in the situation of the play. That is not the only bearing, in which the chorus affects the structure of The Agamemnon, there is another vital way in which the chorus affects the structure. The other very important way is in which the chorus affects the structure is the way that the chorus represents the idea of the average people of the timeperiod the people the audience/reader can relate to the best and understand the situations that take place throughout this Greek classic.This aspect of the play affects the structure in a very large way. It gives the reader/audience a viewpoint that is easily understandable, a nub that is meant for them and not the upper class that would not be provided without Aeschylus use of the chorus. That use makes the structure more broad, showing different viewpoints, which is always important when writing. Also it builds up the drama of the climax by having the chorus use time and show their own ideas. The chorus makes structure of The Agamemnon flow much more fluidly, and provides a way for Aeschylus to draw out the play and make the reader wait and wonder what will happen, some(prenominal) of which affected the structure of The Agamemnon in a very immense way, which makes the play much better.Secondly, the audience plays an important role in the overall structure of the play. Due to the particular audience that would have seen that play during its time of parenthood the structure is set up in a way that was contemporary in that time period. In other words, the expectations of the audience were in tune with the conduct style of that era and the authors diction chose reflected those expectations. Therefore the audience during the time the play was written in has a great i mportance on the structure of common literary devices such as the use of buts and ellipses as well as foreshadowing and flashback. For that yard the style Aeschylus wrote this play was one in which the audience would run into it. Yet although the audience was important to the structure then, it is inadvertently stock-still very important now.Aeschylus explains things happening around these people, whether for drama or some other reason to keep the anticipation of the audience at hand-it is still there and this structural point by Aeschylus tells people who would be the audience today of very important aspects of the Trojan War and other past events that they would not know of. Yet all of these structural things tie together and are intertwined to make their impact on the play and thus show why they all, including the audience, have a vast bearing on the structure of the play and therefore have an impact on the outcome and appearance of The Agamemnon for the better.Thirdly, the us e of buts and ellipses also play an important role on why the structure has an impact on the overall outcome of The Agamemnon. Buts mean that an argument has been provided, or there are two sides to the story. Showing both sides of something is extremely important both in life and literature and can be seen many times throughout The Agamemnon. Clytemnestra says But even losing suits a mighty man. this means that a mighty man wining would be the usual thing, but losing would still suit him and therefore two sides of something are presented which is huge in structure. Ellipses are also very important to the structure.They cause a very necessary an important break which is common in Greek literature and therefore in The Agamemnon. How I hold him in my heartSuch shyness wears away in time. The pause created by the ellipse exaggerates the point created that Clytemnestra missed Agamemnon in his long absence (which she didnt). The buts and ellipses provide an enormous role in the structur e of the play Aeschylus used them impeccably to erect the structure and therefore better the total play due to the use of the structure.Finally, the use of foreshadowing and flashbacks has an enormous effect on the structure in The Agamemnon. Aeschylus as well as many other ancient Greek writers used these literary tools to their perfection. Aeschylus uses flashbacks through many people throughout the play by describing past events, events that were flashbacked to give background information which is vital to a complete understanding of the play. The flashbacks are important to the structure of The Agamemnon because they relate to so many other aspects of why the structure is so important to the play. The chorus, which is very important to the play, uses flashbacks all the time and without them the structure of the play would seem very strange and extremely different from the way in which it reads now. Some of the ways in which Aeschylus incorporates flashbacks and foreshadowing in to The Agamemnon is both interesting and important to the structure of the play.One of the ways in which this is very clear is how both flashbacks and foreshadowing are used through the character Cassandra. Cassandra is Agamemnons spoil of war, he took her as a victory prize after the Trojan War and she is submit with the power of insight and she can therefore see into the future and she is also aware of the history of the house of Atreus. Therefore this gift of insightwill intelligibly have an obvious affect on the foreshadowing in the play as it can be seen here, So, then I go To sing the wail of my own demise And Agamemnon too within the palace. Enough of life O unknown men, good-bye I am no little bird that quivers at a bushs stir. But when I am dead and when you see A women for a women die, A man for a man ill-mated lie, Then remember what I said My dying wishremember itmy prophecy. as said by Cassandra just prior to her death.This is an amazing aspect to the structure of th e play, it is a way to foreshadow and keep the reader/audience interested in the outcome and to keep reading to find out if what Cassandra says will come true. Cassandra is truly a dynamic character who is very important to the structure because within the play she also uses the literary tool of flashbacks, this character makes the structure of The Agamemnon much more vibrant than it would have been. Flashbacks and foreshadowing are important to the structure of any work, yet in Aeschylus they are used so perfectly and eloquently that they in-turn have a big impact on the structure, which consequently has a gigantic outcome on the play itself.In conclusion, the structure of The Agamemnon had a huge effect on the overall outcome and appearance of the play. Aeschylus used many different things to enhance the structure of his play, all of these things intertwined into similar aspects of looking into the past or future, the chorus, audience, buts and ellipses, and flashbacks/foreshadowi ng all used some to improve the structure of the play in their own unique way. Many of Aeschyluss ideas on the structure connect and have a huge effects on The Agamemnon.

The Case of Marquee Garments Essay Example for Free

The Case of Marquee Garments EssayQuestion no1 SR has taken a risk in entering a merchandise that is large, but offeres little flexibility in terms of price and business eenvironment. Discuss.Entering Indian market was quite a challenge for Simon not only convincing the board but taking up the responsibility to personally assist the whole process of franchising in India was a major challenge in his career. Indian market is famous for its value buying behavior and SR is a brand known for its high tonicity and value for capital all around the world. Unfortunately in India however the tariffs and strict regulation for direct foreign investment has been major hurdle in offering low prices. Though the launch of the two franchises have been a huge success but Simon believes asking for premium prices for the products is soon going to relinquish this profit into long term loss. He believes that as soon as the novelty factor wears off the customers will opt back to the value for m si ngley buying behavior.Question no.2 This may be the right cartridge holder to enter India. But has S R positioned its brand right?The festivities .such as Christmas and Diwali has been the best time for Smith and Robin to take over the market for increased sales. This helps their two stores initial stocks to be sold out in three days flat.Since patch positioning the brand, it is necessary for the organization to identify a market niche for a brand, product or service utilizing traditional marketing placement strategies (i.e. price, promotion, distribution, packaging, and competition). S R is well aware of their preposterous prices, but that ultimately makes Smith and Robin a premium brand, one with aspirational trimmings. This made their direct competitors turn into the boutiques. They were excessively perceives as a high end value for money brand.Question no.3 Do you think the current retail environment in India is conducive for the founding of a high-profile foreign brand? I f yes why? If not, state the reasons clearly.The current retail environment in India is not conducive for the entry of a high-profile foreign brand. Indian customers are becoming more self aware and conscious of the market trends. Therefore, post modernism along side the globalization has given the Indian market an edge to their customers. Indian economy has been raising substantially due to their own products and manufacturing plants. Despite that companies such as SR enjoy a brand blondness in the Indian markets, the novelty factor surrounding SRs launch wears off. Also, since these brands have to pay high tariffs, the brands offer premium prices, which are dubitable by the customers. With such brands, their franchises would not be ready to show any interest in expanding a loss-making operation. Keeping in mind all these factors, one also has to remember the existing competition. A grey market already does a thriving business in both branded products smuggled into the country, and substitute ones.

What do we learn about the role played by Curleys wife in of mice and men Essay Example for Free

What do we learn about the role played by Curleys married woman in of mice and men EssayCurleys wife is a re each(prenominal)y interesting character. As the sole woman in the novel she could be said to represent her gender. However, few readers would regard her in a positive manner. Even before she appears in the novel, readers are given a negative impression of her as a sexual promiscuous character. Her role in the novel e genuinely(prenominal) last(predicate)ows Steinbeck to develop hes central themes such as loneliness and trances.In society women are terribly degraded by mens comments and actions. They are victims of prejudiced, which leads to loneliness.she got the eye goin all the time on everybody. I bet she gives the stable buck the eye.Curleys wife is never referred to anything further Curleys wife. This symbolises that she is thought of as hes property. None of the men speak very highly of her they all think in their words that she is Jail bait. This is certaini stic because even today we see this type of sexism occurring.Curleys wife walks the ranch as a temptress, she also hides a deep sense of loneliness behind the tramp, tart and bitch attitude she puts on. Her first outburst in crooks room shows her image.Satiday night. Everybody out doing sompin. Everbody An what am i doin? Standin here talkin to a bunch of bindle stiffs, a nigger an a dum- dum and a lousy ol sheep, an likin it because they aint nobody else.For a young lady to be odd home alone all day would send anyone in a deep state of depression. She is married to a man that gives her little attention and none of hes time. This is why I think she degrades herself. She shows little or no sign of respect for herself. She flirts with other men to keep herself entertained.Swell guy aint he? Spends all his time saying what hes gonna do to guys he dont like and he dont like no body.As a woman during the depression she has no choice unless to marry someone who can support her. Society gives jobs and independence to men and women have no power. She is at the bottom of society. Her marriage to Curley is a disaster because he only cares about himself and he isnt interested in her at all.Curleys wife understands that all men think of her as an object, she uses her beauty to attract men so they will talk to her.She put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward.She needs friends and people to talk to, but everyone turns her away. Curley is jealous and treats her like his possession to be guarded, she feels frustrated.Whats the matter with me?Aint I got the right to talk to nobody?Desperate to satisfy her need for belonging and love, she turns to strangers such as Lennie, the only person that she feels she can talk to. She hints at her loneliness when she says,Seems like they aint none of them cares how i gotta live,Her aggravation and frustration about being lonely is being released, and she may be free from loneli ness because she has ultimately released most of her feelings and emotions before her death. Loneliness is a large aspect of the novel. Different characters deal with it in different ways. When Curleys wife opens up to Lennie the readers sympathise with her.Well I aint told this to nobody beforeThis shows her inner feelings of how desperate she is in wanting a friend. She is successful in acquire a person like Lennie to talk to and trust in, but from all this she had been killed by the hands of the one she trusted.Curleys wife has a dream she wants something to call her own, she wants fame, constituent and admiration. When she is talking to Lennie, alone in the barn, she recounts her obviously well told stories of her offers of fame.Coulda been in the movies an had nice clothes.She is unhappy with her husband, and his constant stories of who hes going beat up next. This brings up a very important question in the readers minds. Why did she marry Curley? I ast her if she stole it, too an she says no, so I married Curley.This shows that Curleys wife is a very opinionated character she wants everything her own way, and doesnt care what she has to sacrifice. She seems to have a deep regret that she didnt take up either of the men on their offers. This dream is important to her because it decides stomach or not shes going to try again and go on in life and be a success and full fill her dream of being an actress or that she stays where she is and becomes something else. She tells Lennie of her need for affection, and how she needs to be wanted.Curleys wife does not seem at all likely to achieve her dreams. Even if she wasnt murdered, she was stuck in a rut with Curley, a rut that would have gone round and round in until he left her for a new woman, or she finally built up the courage to leave him.The first description of Curleys wife is described very differently from how Steinbeck describes her at the end of the novel. Steinbecks first description is very sha rp and harsh.She had full roughed lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made upSteinbeck describes her to be a tart he wants the readers to think that she looks like a prostitute. When Curleys wife is murdered hes description is changed.she was very pretty, simple and her face was sweet and young.This description was given after her death, there is a hidden meaning to why I think Steinbeck did this. He wants the readers to understand that the description that was given earlier in the novel was what everyone thought of her, it was like a mask she had on. Her real personality and her real self were only discovered before she died.

A Hydraulic Accumulator Energy Engineering Essay

A Hydraulic Accumulator Energy Engineering EssayA hydraulic collector is a whatchamac solelyit in which potential push button is stored in the form of a compressed liquid or spring, or by a raised tailt over to be engagementd to exert a force against a relatively incompressible fluid. They are used in fluid force-out forms to accumulate energy and to round out pulsations. Accumulators store energy when hydraulic establishment wardrobe is great than the storage battery contract and provide hydraulic energy when the collector obligate is greater than the system drag. By storing and providing hydraulic energy, aggregators can be used as a primary power source. Accumulators are inherently dynamic devices, they function when class changes (actuators moving, valves opening, etc.) are occurring within a hydraulic system. Accumulators respond very fast to configuration changes, nearly instantaneously for squander accumulators. They are usually used in conjunction with a pump/ locomote in a hydraulic circuit. A hydraulic system utilizing an accumulator can use a microscopicr fluid pump since the accumulator stores energy from the pump during low demand periods. The pump doesnt need to be so large to cope with extremes of demand, so that the bring home the bacon circuit can respond more quickly to any temporary demand and to smooth pulsations. The capability and affect of the accumulator is determined by the boilersuit volume of the accumulator and preload/pre-charge of the spring/ boast.There are 4 figures of accumulators bladder, diaphragm bladder, plumbers helper (either spring or gas controlled) and admixturelic element shout. The choice of accumulator to use in a given application depends on required speed of accumulator solution, weight, reliability and cost. Pressurized gas accumulators will have the faster dynamic response and are reliable. Metal bellows accumulators are very reliable, but will not respond as fast as a pressurized gas accumulator. Accumulators with seals slackly have the lowest reliability. Accumulators are either spherical or cylindrical in design. Bag, plunger and metal bellows accumulators are cylindrical. Diaphragm accumulators whitethorn be spherical or cylindrical. Accumulators are usually manufactured into 2 halves which are either welded or threaded together. A fill port is installed at one and only(a) end of a gas accumulator and the hydraulic connection getting (with poppet valve, if required) is installed at the opposite end. For a spring accumulator, the non wring side usually has a fitting that connects to the hydraulic reservoir (for seal leakage and to alleviate back pressure on a piston). Materials are usually steel, but accumulators may also be made from aluminium or a composite (filament wound) material.Compressed gas accumulators are by far the most common type these gas accumulators take advantage of the fact that the gas is compressible. A gas accumulator has a gas pre-ch arge that is less than the nominal hydraulic system pressure. As hydraulic fluid enters the accumulator the gas is compressed to the nominal system pressure, which is an equilibrium position and represents the upper limit amount of energy stored by the accumulator. As system hydraulic pressure drops, the gas will expand pushing hydraulic fluid back into the system. The gas pre-charge level is an important parameter for gas accumulators since the pre-charge and overall accumulator volume determine the guckimum amount of hydraulic energy that will be available to the system.The pre-charge is the pressure of the gas in the accumulator without hydraulic fluid in the fluid side. A gas accumulator is pre-charged with nitrogen gas when there is no hydraulic fluid in the accumulator to the craved pressure. The gas accumulator pre-charge is a very important variable for ensuring optimal accumulator performance and maintaining long life of the accumulator. Too high of a pre-charge pressure and the fluid volume capacity is reduced. Furthermore, if a floor accumulator charge is too high than the infrastructure may hit the poppet valve which could damage the peach through repeated hits in service, or cause a fatigue failure in the poppet valve assembly. For a piston accumulator, the piston may be driven into the stops repeatedly affecting seals or cause a fatigue failure in the piston stop. Too low of a pre-charge pressure and the accumulator may not maintain desired minimum hydraulic system pressure. Also a low pre-charge pressure will allow a piston accumulator to repeatedly hit the up stops leading to premature failure of the accumulator. For a base of operations accumulator, the bag may be forced into an unnatural shape (e.g.,with folds) leading to bag damage and premature bag failure. When sizing an accumulator the pre-charge pressure is an input to the sizing process. However, once the accumulator is surface the minimum and maximum gas volumes should be compu ted (under worst case conditions) and analyzed to ensure piston stops are not hit or that a bag cannot richly collapse or expand completely in the accumulator.Bladder AccumulatorA bladder accumulator consists of pressure vessel with an infixed elastomeric bladder with pressurized nitrogen on one side and hydraulic fluid on the other side (system side). range 1 shows a bladder accumulator. It has 3 stages of operation The accumulator is charged with nitrogen through a valve installed in the top. The accumulator will be pre-charged to nominal pressure when the pumps are not operating. secondly when nominal hydraulic system pressure is applied the bag will be compressed to its fully compressed state. When the bag is fully compressed, the nitrogen pressure and the hydraulic pressure are equal. Finally as system pressure drops the bag expands, forcing fluid from the accumulator into the system. As the bag expands pressure in the bag decreases. The bag will continue to expand until th e bag pressure equals the hydraulic pressure (which will be lower than nominal system pressure) or the bag fills the entire accumulator volume which is an undesirable situation. A poppet valve keeps the bag in accumulator from being pulled into the downriver tubing should the bag over-expand. If the bag was pulled into the downstream tubing, the accumulator would never recharge and normal flow from the pump would be constricted. The maximum flow rate of the accumulator is controlled by the opening area (orifice) and the pressure difference across the opening. figure out http//www.globalspec.com/NpaPics/18/146314_030520074661_ExhibitPic.JPGAccumulator, Bladder Typehttp//www.globalspec.com/NpaPics/18/146314_030520074661_ExhibitPic.JPGThe main advantages of a bladder accumulator are fast acting, no hysteresis, not temptable to contamination and consistent behaviour under similar conditions. Accumulators are easy to charge with the right equipment. Because there is no piston mass, the speed of the bladder accumulator is governed by the gas, which reacts very fast to changes in hydraulic system pressure. Hence bladder accumulators are the best choice for pressure pulsation damping. Also, the bladder trammel internal to the accumulator has proven to be very reliable in service. Of course there is always the potential for bladder failure, which is a failure that would not usually be detectable in service. Also, temperature differences on the gas will have some affect on performance.The main limitation of bladder accumulators is the compression ratio (maximum system pressure to pre-charge pressure) which is limited to approximately 4 to 1. Hence gas accumulators will be larger than other accumulators for the same flow requirements. The pre-charge pressure is typically set to approximately 80% of the minimum desired hydraulic system pressure.Diaphragm AccumulatorA diaphragm accumulator is similar to bag accumulator except an elastomeric diaphragm is used in lieu of a bag. This would typically reduce the usable volume of the accumulator so the diaphragm accumulator may not have volume capacity of a bladder accumulator. A schematic of a diaphragm accumulator is shown in embark 2.http//www.machinerylubrication.com/articles/200907/pg26b.gifFigure http//www.machinerylubrication.com/articles/200907/pg26b.gifThe behaviour characteristics of a diaphragm accumulator are similar to a bag accumulator and have the same advantages and disadvantages. However a diaphragm accumulator may be spherical or cylindrical (or possibly other shapes) which may be an advantage in some installations. The main difference with bladder accumulators is an change magnitude maximum compressions ratio (maximum system pressure to pre-charge pressure) of approximately 8 to 1. plumbers helper AccumulatorA gas piston accumulator is shown in Figure 3. A gas piston accumulator has a piston which slides against the accumulator housing on seals. On one side of the piston is nitroge n and on the other side is the hydraulic fluid and connection to the system. A fill port allows pressurization of the nitrogen.Accumulator, Piston TypeFigure http//www.tobul.com/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=13Itemid=27A gas piston accumulator will not respond to transient pressures as fast as a bladder accumulator due to the mass of the piston (frequency characteristics depend on piston mass and spring characteristics of the nitrogen). However, a piston accumulator will have better damping due to hydraulic leakage (viscous damping) and clangoring between the piston and housing (coulomb friction seal friction). Piston accumulators may also be more prone to leakage than other types of accumulators due to the seals. Piston accumulators will generally provide higher flow rates than gas accumulators for equal accumulator volumes. This is because piston accumulators can accommodate higher pressure ratios (maximum system pressure to pre-charge pressure) than gas accumulators, up to 10 to 1, compared with bladder accumulator ratios of 4 to 1.The disadvantages of piston accumulators are that they are more susceptible to fluid contamination, have a lower response time than bladder (unless the piston accumulator is at a very high pressure) and will have hysteresis from the seal friction. The pre-charge for a gas piston accumulator is typically set to around 90% of minimum desired hydraulic system pressure.A schematic of a spring piston accumulator is shown in FigureAccumulator, Spring TypeIn a spring accumulator, the spring applies a force to a piston which compresses (or pressurizes) the fluid in the accumulator. As normal system pressure, the spring will be fully compressed. As system flow demands exceed the pump capacity, the spring will flow pushing the piston which in turn pushes fluid into the adjoining pipe. Hence the accumulator supplements pump flow. The maximum response time of the accumulator is set by the natural frequency, which is computed usi ngMetal bellows accumulators are used where a fast response time is not critical yet reliability is important. jot brake accumulators are a good application for metal bellows accumulators. The metal bellows accumulator consists of a pressure vessel with a metal bellows assembly separating fluid and nitrogen. The accumulator is similar to a piston accumulator, except a metal bellows replaces piston and piston seals. Metal bellows accumulators are very reliable and long life components, and have a provenservice history. Metal bellows accumulators are pre-charged by supplier and because permanently sealed leading to a maintenance free accumulator. Metal bellows accumulators will be slow in responding to pressure changes due to increased mass of piston and bellows.The advantages to the metal bellows type include exceptionally low spring rate, allowing the gas charge to do all the work with little change in pressure from full to empty, and a long stroke relative to solid (empty) height, which gives maximum storage volume for a given container size. The welded metal bellows accumulator provides an exceptionally high level of accumulator performance, and can be produced with a broad spectrum of alloys resulting in a broad range of fluid compatibility. Another advantage to this type is that it does not face issues with high pressure operation, thus allowing more energy storage capacity.Applications of Accumulators to KERSOne of the main applications of hydraulic accumulators is storing energy. Hydro-pneumatic accumulators contain a gas in conjunction with a hydraulic fluid. The fluid has little dynamic power storage qualities. The fluid can only be reduced a small amount in volume even under high pressure. Therefore when only a small amount of the tot contained volume is turn overd, the pressure of the remaining fluid in the system will drop to zero. However, the relative incompressibility of a hydraulic fluid makes it ideal for fluid power systems and provides qu ick response to power demand. The gas, however working with the hydraulic fluid in the accumulator, can be compressed to high pressures and low volumes. Potential energy is stored in this compressed gas to be released upon demand. In the piston type accumulator the energy in the compressed gas exerts pressure against the piston separating the gas and hydraulic fluid. The piston in turn forces the fluid from the cylinder into the system and to the location where useful work will be accomplished.On this basis, with respect to all the types of accumulator a hydro-pneumatic accumulator would be ideal for storing the energy taken out of a bike whilst braking.. Of course the loss of pressurized gas in a sealed accumulator is a failure critical to safety when it plays such an important role as braking. A team of engineering students from university of Michigan undertook a project to use a hydro-pneumatic regenerative braking on a cycle per second. It was a redevelopment of a heavier previ ous attempt to make a working look-alike to fit within a 29 front wheel. They use a 0.5L accumulator and believed this to be sufficient in storing the required energy at a maximum working system pressure of 5000psi.They failed to test and thus supply conclusive results for the performance characteristics but through theoretical analysis they prescribe the key parameters fig.FigureIts weight is clearly impractical as it weighs almost as much as a conventional bike at 13kg. In terms of weight of a bicycle with respect to saving weight, it is more important to have lighter wheels than a lighter bike frame. This is because the rolling resistance is applied at the wheels although it carries half the overall weight of bike and rider a lighter wheel makes it easier to initially start a bike.Based on the team from michigans ( ) the spare-time activity calculations outline the practicality of implementing a hydraulic KERS. Firstly for a hydraulic system to be implemented the storage moldin ess be addressed the capacity must be determined and pressures needed to store the kinetic energy. A bike braking from 20mph requires 5000J of energy to power. From Parkers website a manufacture of accumulator and motors parkers rate the ACP series accumulators at max pressure 5000psi, if assumingA hydraulic KERS must use a hydraulic motor to provide enough torque to drive the bike as well as provide enough resistive torque to be an effective brake. A bicycle travelling at 20mph on 26 wheels spins the motor through 181 deliver ratio of the pump gear train which then spins the motor 4632rpm, corresponding to 4.52 N-m torques at 3000 psi. This translates to a braking torque of nigh 81.36 N-m applied to the main gear due to the 181 gear ratio. From this brake torque is an effective brakeOn release of pressure fully charged 5000 psi accumulator generates 7.57 N-m of torques. The 141 gear ratio of the motor gear train applies a 105 N-m torque to the main bicycle cluster gear.7.57 N-m c orresponds to around 800 rpm from its torque rpm curve, which turns the main gear at around 57 rpm due to the 141 gear ratio. This torque from fig can propel a bike atConclusionThe accumulator doesnt need to be an excessively large capacity to release enough energy to propel a bike 20mph, upon releasing the energy at a pre-charge of 3200psi. But a larger accumulator is needed for the accumulator to give more than one bursts using its full capacity. A hydraulic motor can produce 81.36N-m braking torque which is an effective brake. Furthermore an accumulator can power a hydraulic motor provide an accelerating torque to propel a bicycle. However based on the weight of the design from univerty of Michigan their prototype was 13kg, they used two accumulators plus they attached it to a bracket that probably contributed to the majority of the weight.